Career Choices Are A Reflection On An Individual’S...

Career choices are a reflection on an individual’s personality type. It is believed to be reinforced and rewarded by the individual’s academic environment. The theorist, I will discuss in this paper is John Holland theory. Holland’s theory provides a framework that is congruent to one’s personality type. Many personalities are influenced by their environment, which in terms dictates the type of career they choose. The primary purpose of Holland’s theory is for individuals to look for opportunities to enhance and utilize their abilities according to their personality type. In the finding of research on Holland’s theory and career counseling development it provided information on the relationship between personality types and career†¦show more content†¦Social personality types are people who are helpers. They love helping and interacting with others. They are seen as counselors or teachers. Enterprising personality types are people wh o value leadership and entrepreneurship. They seem themselves as self-confident, sociable, political, economic achiever. Research has shown that the environment is another component of Holland’s theory. According to Holland (1997) there are six model environments that are accompanied by the six personality types. The two reinforce and reward the personality types. The environment suggests the people who are realistic are rewarded with money, power, and tangible possessions. Meanwhile, investigative environment are characterized by analytical and intellectual activities, and members are rewarded for displaying skepticism, persistence, and problem solving. However, artistic environment are characterized by creativity and a lack of structure. People in the category are rewarded for artistic, literary, and musical accomplishment. Moreover, social environment are characterized by working with others and rewarded for sociability and humanitarianism. Nevertheless, enterprising envir onments are focused on leadership; they are rewarded for displays of leadership and self-confidence. Finally, conventional environments emphasize attaining personal and organizational goals through predictable and specific standards. These environments reward members for conformity and dependability.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Personality and Personal Growth796 Words   |  4 PagesPersonality and Personal Growth â€Å"An integral being knows without going, sees without looking and accomplishes without doing† – Lao Tzu The text book definition of Personality is an individual’s unique pattern of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that persist over time and across situations. I agree with this idea that a personality is what makes all of us who we are. 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The onlyRead MoreDescription Of Assessment : John Holland s Riasec1270 Words   |  6 PagesDESCRIPTION OF ASSESSMENT John Holland’s RIASEC (1997) theory has had a major influence within the field of career counseling. His theory, which promotes that satisfaction increases when there is similarity between individuals’ interests and related environments, has led to the development of many useful, reliable, and valid inventories, such as the Self Directed Search. The Self Directed Search (SDS) is a popular assessment that has been used by more than 30 million people worldwide, and it is availableRead MoreNhs For National Health Services Essay1407 Words   |  6 PagesNHS in all it does to deliver the highest standard of excellence and professionalism across the service.Those principles are â€Å"The NHS provides a comprehensive service, available to all†,â€Å"Access to NHS services is based on clinical need, not an individual’s ability to pay†,â€Å"The NHS aspires to the highest standards of excellence and professionalism,†The patient will be at the heart o f everything the NHS does†,â€Å"The NHS works across organisational boundaries†,â€Å"The NHS is committed to providing best valueRead MoreThe School Of Thought And The Field Of Psychology1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe school of thought and its central contribution to the field of psychology Carl Roger’s central contribution to the field of psychology involved his theory of personality. This theory was unique with the capability to be applied in various domains of helping professions including psychotherapy and counseling, education, organizations, cross-cultural relations, and other group settings (n/a, 2015). In the evolving stage of this theory, Roger’s had been frustrated with the authoritative analysisRead MoreImproving The Success Of A Recruitment Process1284 Words   |  6 Pagesmethod of the recruitment process, from both a recruiter and job seeker perspective, is the employment interview. Not only does an interview process assist employers in making informed selection decisions, it also helps job seekers make better career choices. Therefore it becomes imperative to consider this selection technique before employment decisions are made. If used positively, modern interview techniques can significantly improve the effectiveness of the traditional interview as a selectionRead MoreWhy My Jungian Personality Type Is Well As My Values And Attitudes1206 Words   |  5 Pagesexplained. However, I will be discussing my Jungian personality type as well as my values and attitudes in the workplace. Furthermore, I will discuss how motivation, rewards, and attitude towards achievements influence my success in the workplace. Thus, allowing me to expand job variety and productivity. ï  ¡ Personality Insights My Jungian personality type is (E)xtrovert (N)intuitive (T)hinking (J)udging (ENTJ). I am a natural leader and that the best career for me is in management (Kroeger, Thuesen, Read MoreMy Personal Leadership Administration ( Mba ) Program Essay1739 Words   |  7 PagesCapturing the essence of this individual paper, my Personal Mastery and my Personal Leadership will be used to evaluate my current career position and describe my progress throughout the Masters of Business Administration (MBA) program. Reflecting on previous classes, the Personal Mastery will be used to formulate my personality style taken from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). The MBTI outlined eight characteristics, which include: Extraversion/Introversion, Sensing Perception/Intuiting Perception

Human Trafficking in Europe Free Essays

string(30) " outcome is usually the same\." The Sex Trade of Eastern Europe â€Å"VELESTA, Macedonia – Olga winced as she drew back the bandage on her right breast, revealing an infected puncture wound that hadn’t healed since a man bit her in a fit of sexual rage. But the wound, for which the 19-year-old Moldovan lacked even basic medicine, is only a small part of Olga’s daily agony. For more than a year she has been held as a sex slave in this town in western Macedonia, where human trafficking flourishes and young girls are forced to endure the sexual whims of thousands of men. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Trafficking in Europe or any similar topic only for you Order Now † This story, unfortunately, is reality to roughly 200,000 women and children from Eastern Europe. Sex trafficking simultaneously exploits both the best and the worst aspects of globalization- the champions of globalization flaunt the growing ease of conducting business across national borders. It is due to sophisticated communication tools and relaxed banking laws that it is now possible to exchange assets internationally with ease. Virtual enterprises can operate everywhere and nowhere, making themselves known only when and where they choose. â€Å"Generating around 32 billion dollars annually, human trafficking is the fastest growing criminal activity of today. While the governments of the troubled countries as well as the European Union make laws and regulations, the perpetrators become smarter; little progress gets made in solving this problem. At the center of human trafficking is the sex trade. The growing sex trade, which is more than visible in most of Europe, plays on the notion of growth in the â€Å"world sex-market†. This market is made possible by the globali zation of consumer capitalism in which commercial sex plays a big role. There are three sides to the issue: the victims, the perpetrators, and the governments, law makers, and groups who are trying to stop the epidemic. Together, over time, these people have built a crime market that is becoming harder to break. Women are being smuggled under the false pretense of a better life. Perpetrators have made a powerful market which works under transnational groups who have become masters at instilling fear in young women. And countries’ governments have made regulations and laws that often hurt the victims, are not successful, or they are working in conjunction with the traffickers. The problem to be solved does not lie in just one group, but it is due to the actions of all three. It is important to see the dynamics of each group in order to understand just how powerful the sex trade is in Eastern Europe. The Woman’s Role Since the fall of the Berlin Wall and end of the Cold War, international borders are easier to cross than at any other time in world history. Also, there has been an increase in worldwide poverty, which has left women to seek the means of economic survival for themselves and their families. It is out of this dilemma that a sense of desperation comes that makes Eastern European women susceptible to the trickery of traffickers. This has caused such an affect that women and underage girls now constitute 90 percent of Eastern and South Eastern European people trafficked into the western parts of the continent. And even though women are knowingly aware of the dangers and prominence of sex trafficking, they continue to be swayed by lies of better lives and economic success the traffickers use. This refusal to acknowledge and actively weigh the dangers of too- good- to- be- true offers from the West is the victims’ greatest contribution to the problem of sex trafficking. Case studies on girls from the 1990’s and at the present time show women’s reasoning for coming over and falling victim to trafficking include economic, cultural and social-psychological â€Å"push† factors. These push factors tend to be coming from a country of low employment and pay rates, frustration at the suppression of women in their countries (often Eastern European women read Western literature which shows women in power, thriving), and also they face the difficulties of obtaining a visa. The prime age for women to be trafficked is 18-25 years old. However, 15-30 percent of girls trafficked are under aged. An interesting place where European victims differ from Asian and African victims is in their education level. Usually, European victims have secondary education. A fair amount even have post-secondary education. These facts and statistics show that it is naivety and desperation that is putting these girls in danger, not knowledge. Studies even show that women are â€Å"generally aware† of the mishaps occurring to their compatriots and how they are occurring. One of the reasons women are still falling victim to traffickers despite their awareness is due to many references are coming from acquaintances. These references ease the fear of the women so they become more vulnerable. And although references are being traveled by word of mouth, the source of them is usually the local newspaper. In the 1990’s, Eastern European newspapers advertised jobs as babysitters, waitresses, and bar girls in the west and also showed western men looking for â€Å"nice Eastern European women† for wives and mothers. Ten years later, the Russian and Ukrainian media largely took over the task. Thus, a typical ad in the Kielce daily reads: ‘Young women needed in Berlin [Helsinki, Vienna, Milan] as maids and babysitters in middle-class homes. Room and board, weekly wage (net) 150-200 Euro, one day off, health insurance provided. Assistance in obtaining travel documents and transportation. â€Å" Other widespread methods used to coerce women into the system are the â€Å"rosy boy† method where a foreign man promises marriage or a â€Å"rosy† future and arranges her travel abroad and the usage of elderly women whose job is to offer young girls jobs in Western Europe. Blackmail is used against the women in most cases to make them obey their owners. Once the girls are under the care and supervision of their transit leader, there is very little they can do to escape. After a woman is transited, the outcome is usually the same. You read "Human Trafficking in Europe" in category "Papers" The perpetrators tell them that they must pay back their travel expenses. These debts can range from 700 and 4,000 American dollars. They are then transferred to a high surveillance boarding house where they are physically and emotionally abused into prostitution. Women often end up working in brothels, night clubs, borderlines serving truck drivers or other passer bys, and pornographic films. â€Å"Managers† transfer them from place to place to not get caught. When a woman becomes too old to be sold or a manager is done with them, they are often thrown on to the streets with no paperwork, money, or guidance. Trafficked women live in fear. Often, they are beaten, abused, and raped on a daily basis. Afraid of their owners, they do not ask questions as to where they are or if they will be released. The victims often depend upon their clients for information and help. And although the predicament of these girls is beyond inhumane, it is important to remember that these girls are often times being foolish when they put a great amount of trust in strangers. Also, it is necessary to understand the sex trafficking system of operation and where the women fall in it. For like in any problem, if you do not understand the entire premise, you will not be able to solve it. The Perpetrators Organized crime is largely responsible for the spread of international human trafficking. Sex trafficking – along with its correlative elements, kidnapping, rape, prostitution and physical abuse – is illegal in nearly every country in the world. However, widespread corruption and greed make it possible for sex trafficking to quickly and easily proliferate. The operation of the sex trafficking business-from location and recruitment of candidates in their home countries to transportation across borders to their exploitation in the place of destination- requires an efficient transnational organization. Within Eastern Europe, traffickers (often mafia involved) create organizations that run similarly to small businesses. There are usually five to fifteen people per each international circuit. These â€Å"businesses† are usually made up of men who each hold a different position within the system. Typically, there is a boss in each origin and destination country. They have managers and recruiters of special travel agencies in every origin, assistants for security, transport, contacts (bribery) with authorities, and helpers along transit points during transport from the country of origin to country of destination, collect money, and there are managers of the women’s employment. These circuits take place all over Europe and through the years the transits have been mapped out and made known to the public. Traffickers as well as government officials have divided the transits in to three main categories: long distance, mid to long distances, and short trajectory. Long distances initiate typically in Central Asia, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. They go through Russia, Ukraine, Lithuania and end in Poland, Slovakia, or Hungary where they stay or go to Germany, Austria or Sweden. Mid to long distance transits begin in Russia, Ukraine, Lithuania in East Eastern Europe and Albania, Moldova, Bulgaria, Romania, Bosnia in South Eastern Europe. They go through Slovenia, Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic to Western Europe, Israel, Arab Republic and North America. The shortest transit is solely moving Eastern European women to West Europe. This is the most common and this transit has been so successful that over 90 percent of prostitutes in Western Europe are Eastern European. Smuggling women has become an enormously profitable business for these men. For example, if a girl around 17 years old is smuggled from Albania, once she reaches Italy she is worth around 10,000 dollars. Once she is sold, she could make upwards of 600 American dollars per night for her owner. In the UK, a woman can sell for up to 14, 000 dollars. European traffickers work on the economic principle of supply and demand. The demand comes from all over the world and since in many countries prostitution is legal, buyers have little knowledge about whether their bought partner is there willingly or is acting as a slave. Clearly, the perpetrators are the ones doing the most harm in this three-sided relationship. What the Enforcers are Doing Since the 1990’s there has been a considerable increase in the attention given to sex trafficking in Europe. The European Union, individual governments as well as Non Government Organizations have been working to raise awareness, educate women and arrest traffickers. Unfortunately, their attempts are not as efficient as they should be. It seems like out of the three major groups aiming to stop sex trafficking, the individualized governments are having the most unsuccessful time. Two major problems individual governments have is corruption and getting around illegal immigrant laws when a trafficked woman is saved. It is important to remember that almost all women who are trafficked are illegal immigrants. Countries are then forced to deal with that issue once a woman is rescued. Often times they are deported. When it comes to law enforcement too often in countries like Moldova and Russia, the traffickers are part of the mafia. Because of this, they often have ties with the government or the government works closely with them. Although the police forces in European countries have been making better strides in catching traffickers, there are also many stories of policemen who are traffickers themselves. â€Å"And even if the traffickers are caught, often times they can pay off the judges, the politicians and the police. In the first three months of 2008 more than 50 Albanian police officers were thrown off the force for taking bribes from the mafia. † Over the last decade both the EU and the COE have devoted considerable attention to trafficking women and the documentation on this issue is xtensive. All of the recent publications stress the gross violations of human rights that trafficking involves, noting that trafficking women is a low risk, high reward, and that it is the responsibility of all states to increase the risks and penalties( COE, 1994; 1996; 1997; 1998; European Commission, 1996, 1998; European Parliament, 1993; 1996; UN, 1998). Specific UN initiatives include the General Assembly†™s 1997 Resolution of the Elimination of Violence Against Women, and the Palermo Protocol which entered into law in 2003. The UN General Assembly’s 1997 Resolution of the Elimination of Violence Against Women specified a number of crime prevention principles in the form of model strategies and Practical Measures to be adopted by member countries. The UN General Assembly Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (or the Palermo Protocol- entered into law in 2003) is made up of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, and the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Lane, Air, and Sea. Although the UN is taking initiative, the high numbers of trafficked women prove the legislation ineffective. This is often blamed due to the nature of anti trafficking efforts which Dr Rossanka Venelinova, executive director of the Nadja Center in Sofia describes as, â€Å"a jungle†¦ There is no overall strategy, only a large number of programs that are not properly coordinated. That means that there is no sustainability. † Another fact working against the EU is that only a fraction of the countries have ratified the anti-trafficking conventions and the conventions are not properly monitored or verified properly. Now, due to the pressure on international organizations and NGOs, anti-trafficking strategies take more of a human rights approach. Shelters, psychological and medical counseling services, the re-integration of women in their home communities, the granting of temporary residency permits in countries of destination and awareness campaigns help trafficked victims and prevent others from becoming victims. While the NGO’s are successful they are constantly fighting for funding and publicity. One of their most beneficial approaches is through education for young girls in school. It seems that â€Å"the enforcers† are at fault due to a lack of cooperation. If the government, UN, and NGO’s gained forces (and funding), the task of eliminating trafficking wouldn’t seem as impossible. However, the potential victims must also take responsibility for this crime by not submitting themselves to dangerous behavior. Is There an End? This essay addresses upon the three major players in the sex trafficking industry in Europe. It also shows the flaws in the forces combating the problem. Sex trafficking will only end once there is a solidified, enforced plan of action which uses not only the government, but the non government groups as well. One of the most important things that must continue is the prevention education given to young girls. If they are aware of the dangers and know what to look for they are less susceptible to being abducted and held captive. It is possible for sex trafficking to be greatly diminished, but new strategies must be adopted first. How to cite Human Trafficking in Europe, Papers

The Great Depression Essays (449 words) - Financial Crises

The Great Depression THE GREAT DEPRESSION The year of 1929 began a time period of horror in America. It was the beginning of the great depression. A time in which many lost their jobs,became homeless,and went hungry. Many people had to live off the nutrition of weeds or some worked fifty - five hours and only earned seventy - five cents. The cause of the depression was the stock market crash of 1929 known to investors as Black Tuesday. Black Tuesday is said to be the most shocking financial event in the history of the united states. Not only did the stock market prices drop drastically but the business world was brought down with it. Inflation also rose because of the crash. The crash that occurred on October of 1929 caused Americans to lose Thirty billion dollars,and the American dollar value was 90% less than it was prior to October of 1929. Wholesale and retail food prices dropped 40% and farm prices dropped over 60%. About four million families were left unemployed and on relief support only receiving fifteen dollars a month. Because of the crash the government was required to set new regulations regarding stock market trade. The reason for this was to attempt to prevent another stock market crash from happening in the future. The depression brought about many problems not only did people have to worry about unemployment they also had to worry about crime. Many Americans tried to get easy money by taking part in robberies,kidnappings,and murders. In 1935 criminals out numbered carpenters four to one, grocers six to one, and doctors twenty to one. In the mid west, crooks with shot guns and Tommy Gun were a common thing. In large cities the criminals were making money off of extortion,prositution and auto theft. GREAT DEPRESSION TIMELINE 1929 Herbert Hoover became president Stock market crash begins on October 24 investors call October 29 Black Tuesday Losses for the month are sixteen billion congress passes Agricultural Marketing Act to support farmers until they can get on their feet 1930 By February, Federal Reserve cut prime interest rate 6% to 4% The smoot-Hawley Tariff passes on June 17 Democrats gain in congressional elections but still don't have majority The GNP fails 9.4% and unemployment rate climbs 3.2% to 8.7% 1931 A second banking panic occurs in the spring The GNP falls another 8.5% Unemployment rises to 15.9% 1932 This year and next year are the worst of the depression GNP falls a record 13.4% Unemployment falls another 23.6% Congress creates the reconstruction finance corporation Congress passes the federal home loan bank act Congress passes the glass steagall act of 1932 1933 Roosevelt inaugurated Third banking panic occurs Congress passes the Emergency Banking Bill,The farm credit Act,and National Industrial Recovery Act 1934 Gnp rises 7.7% Unemployment falls 21.7% 1935 GNP rises 8.1% Unemployment falls 20.1% 1936 GNP rises 14.1% Unemployment falls to 16.9% American History Essays

Free Essays on Bilingual Education

Bilingual education, a preferred strategy for the last 20 years, teaches academic subjects to immigrant children in their native languages (most often Spanish), while slowly and at the same time adding English instruction. In theory, the children don't fall behind in other subjects while they are learning English. When they are fluent in English, they can then "transition" to English instruction in academic subjects at the grade level of other children their same age. Further, the theory goes, teaching immigrants in their native language puts importance on their family and community culture and reinforces their sense of self-worth, therefore making their academic success more likely (Duignan 5). Yet in recent years, bilingual education has created as much controversy as any other education issue. Most educators and parents agree that the main goals in educating students with a native language other than English are mastery of English and mastery of content in academic areas. But a heated academic and political battle is being fought over how is the best way to reach those goals and how important it is to preserve the students’ original language in the process (Adely 2). Though a fair amount of opposition exists in relation to these programs, the general trend is of support of the economic and academic advantages of the bilingual program. When schools provide children quality education in their primary language, they give them two things: knowledge and literacy. The knowledge that children get through their first language helps make the English they hear and read more comprehensible. Literacy developed in the primary language transfers to the second language. The reason is simple: Because we learn to read by reading- that is, by understanding what is on the page (Duignan 10)- it is easier to learn to read in a language we understand. Once we can read in one language, we can read in general. The best bilingual educatio... Free Essays on Bilingual Education Free Essays on Bilingual Education Bilingual education in the United States is growing rapidly. The growing number of immigrants and the need for children to adapt to American culture while keeping their culture as well is very important. There has been many break throughs and different views on which method is the best way to teach immigrants and children. One goal, which is to take place at the elementary level, is bilingual education. Bilingual education is the sanctioned use of more than one language in schools throughout the United States. In 1968 the bilingual Education Act was passed to mandate schools to provide bilingual education programs. The act states individuals who have a limited proficiency of English must be taught to speak the language. These people can be referred to in three ways. A) Any individual who were not born in the United States or whose native language is a language other than English. B) Individuals who come from environments where language other than English is dominate and C) individuals who are American Indian, Alaskan natives and who come from areas where language other than English has had a significant impact on their level of English proficiency, and who by reason by reason have difficulty speaking, reading, writing or understanding the English language. To deny such individuals the opportunit y to learn and successfully speak the English language in a classroom, denies a person the chance to communicate within society and therefore is a violation of this act. In the article New Trends in Language Education for Hispanic Students by Wendy Schwartz, she writes about bilingual strategies for the youth. Native Spanish speaking students need to stay in the bilingual program until they have a foundation that enables them to master other academic subjects. Students learning a second language require constant school assistance and effort. The schools must also convey high expectations that the student will become literate in E... Free Essays on Bilingual Education Bilingual education, a preferred strategy for the last 20 years, teaches academic subjects to immigrant children in their native languages (most often Spanish), while slowly and at the same time adding English instruction. In theory, the children don't fall behind in other subjects while they are learning English. When they are fluent in English, they can then "transition" to English instruction in academic subjects at the grade level of other children their same age. Further, the theory goes, teaching immigrants in their native language puts importance on their family and community culture and reinforces their sense of self-worth, therefore making their academic success more likely (Duignan 5). Yet in recent years, bilingual education has created as much controversy as any other education issue. Most educators and parents agree that the main goals in educating students with a native language other than English are mastery of English and mastery of content in academic areas. But a heated academic and political battle is being fought over how is the best way to reach those goals and how important it is to preserve the students’ original language in the process (Adely 2). Though a fair amount of opposition exists in relation to these programs, the general trend is of support of the economic and academic advantages of the bilingual program. When schools provide children quality education in their primary language, they give them two things: knowledge and literacy. The knowledge that children get through their first language helps make the English they hear and read more comprehensible. Literacy developed in the primary language transfers to the second language. The reason is simple: Because we learn to read by reading- that is, by understanding what is on the page (Duignan 10)- it is easier to learn to read in a language we understand. Once we can read in one language, we can read in general. The best bilingual educatio...

Biography of Jose Maria Morelos, Mexican Revolutionary

Biography of Jose Maria Morelos, Mexican Revolutionary Josà © Marà ­a Morelos (September 30, 1765–December 22, 1815) was a Mexican priest and revolutionary. He was in overall military command of Mexico’s Independence movement in 1811-1815 before the Spanish captured, tried, and executed him. He is considered one of the greatest heroes of Mexico and countless things are named after him, including the Mexican state of Morelos and the city of Morelia. Fast Facts: Jose Maria Morelos Known For: Priest and rebel leader in the war for Mexican independenceAlso Known As: Josà © Marà ­a Teclo Morelos Pà ©rez y Pavà ³nBorn: September 30, 1765 in Valladolid,  Michoacn,  New SpainParents: Josà © Manuel Morelos y Robles, Juana Marà ­a Guadalupe Pà ©rez Pavà ³nDied: December 22, 1815  in San Cristà ³bal Ecatepec,  State of Mà ©xicoEducation: Colegio de San Nicols Obispo in Valladolid, Seminario Tridentino in Valladolid, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicols de HidalgoAwards and Honors:  The Mexican state of  Morelos  and city of  Morelia  are named after him, and his picture is on the 50-peso noteSpouse: Brà ­gida Almonte (mistress; Morelos was a priest and could not marry)Children: Juan Nepomuceno AlmonteNotable Quote: May slavery be banished forever together with the distinction between castes, all remaining equal, so Americans may only be distinguished by vice or virtue. Early Life Josà © Marà ­a was born into a lower-class family (his father was a carpenter) in the city of Valladolid in 1765. He worked as a farm hand, muleteer, and menial laborer until entering the seminary. The director of his school was none other than Miguel Hidalgo (leader of the Mexican revolution) who must have left an impression on the young Morelos. He was ordained as a priest in 1797 and served in the towns of Churumuco and Carcuaro. His career as a priest was solid and he enjoyed the favor of his superiors. Unlike Hidalgo, he showed no propensity for dangerous thoughts before the revolution of 1810. Morelos and Hidalgo On September 16, 1810, Hidalgo issued the famous Cry of Dolores to kick off Mexicos struggle for independence. Hidalgo was soon joined by others, including former royal officer Ignacio Allende, and together they raised an army of liberation. Morelos made his way to the rebel army and met with Hidalgo, who made him a lieutenant and ordered him to raise an army in the south and march on Acapulco. They went their separate ways after the meeting. Hidalgo would get close to Mexico City but was eventually defeated at the Battle of Calderon Bridge, captured shortly thereafter, and executed for treason. Morelos, however, was just getting started. Morelos Takes up Arms Ever the proper priest, Morelos coolly informed his superiors that he was joining the rebellion so that they could appoint a replacement. He began rounding up men and marching west. Unlike Hidalgo, Morelos preferred a small, well-armed, well-disciplined army that could move fast and strike without warning. He would often reject recruits who worked the fields, telling them instead to raise food to feed the army in the days to come. By November, he had an army of 2,000 men and on November 12, he occupied the medium-sized town of Aguacatillo, near Acapulco. Morelos in 1811-1812 Morelos was crushed to learn of the capture of Hidalgo and Allende in early 1811. Still, he fought on, laying an abortive siege to Acapulco before taking the city of Oaxaca in December of 1812. Meanwhile, politics had entered the struggle for Mexican independence in the form of a Congress presided over by Ignacio Là ³pez Rayà ³n, once a member of Hidalgos inner circle. Morelos was often in the field but always had representatives at the meetings of Congress, where they pushed on his behalf for formal independence, equal rights for all Mexicans, and continued privilege of the Catholic Church in Mexican affairs. The Spanish Strike Back By 1813, the Spanish had finally organized a response to the Mexican insurgents. Felix Calleja, the general who had defeated Hidalgo at the Battle of Calderon Bridge, was made Viceroy, and he pursued an aggressive strategy of quashing the rebellion. He divided and conquered the pockets of resistance in the north before turning his attention to Morelos and the south. Celleja moved into the south in force, capturing towns and executing prisoners. In December of 1813, the insurgents lost a key battle at Valladolid and were put on the defensive. Morelos’ Beliefs Morelos felt a true connection to his people, and they loved him for it. He fought to remove all class and race distinctions. He was one of the first true Mexican nationalists and he had a vision of a unified, free Mexico, whereas many of his contemporaries had closer allegiances to cities or regions. He differed from Hidalgo in many key ways: he did not allow churches or the homes of allies to be looted and actively sought support among Mexico’s wealthy Creole upper class. Ever the priest, he believed it was God’s will that Mexico should be a free, sovereign nation: the revolution became almost a holy war for him. Death By early 1814, the rebels were on the run. Morelos was an inspired guerrilla commander, but the Spanish had him outnumbered and outgunned. The insurgent Mexican Congress was constantly moving, trying to stay one step ahead of the Spanish. In November of 1815, the Congress was on the move again and Morelos was assigned to escort it. The Spanish caught them at Tezmalaca and a battle ensued. Morelos bravely held off the Spanish while the Congress escaped, but he was captured during the fighting. He was sent to Mexico City in chains. There, he was tried, excommunicated, and executed on December 22. Legacy Morelos was the right man at the right time. Hidalgo started the revolution, but his animosity toward the upper classes and his refusal to rein in the rabble that made up his army eventually caused more problems than they solved. Morelos, on the other hand, was a true man of the people, charismatic and devout. He had a more constructive vision than Hidalgo and exuded a palpable belief in a better tomorrow with equality for all Mexicans. Morelos was an interesting mixture of the best characteristics of Hidalgo and Allende and was the perfect man to carry the torch they had dropped. Like Hidalgo, he was very charismatic and emotional, and like Allende, he preferred a small, well-trained army over a massive, angry horde. He notched up several key victories and ensured that the revolution would live on with or without him. After his capture and execution, two of his lieutenants, Vicente Guerrero and Guadalupe Victoria, carried on the fight. Morelos is greatly honored today in Mexico. The state of Morelos and city of Morelia are named after him, as are a major stadium, countless streets and parks, and even a couple of communications satellites. His image has appeared on several bills and coins throughout Mexicos history. His remains are interred at the Column of Independence in Mexico City, along with other national heroes. Sources Estrada Michel, Rafael. Josà © Marà ­a Morelos. Mexico City: Planeta Mexicana, 2004Harvey, Robert. Liberators: Latin Americas Struggle for Independence. Woodstock: The Overlook Press, 2000.Lynch, John. The Spanish American Revolutions 1808-1826. New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1986.

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