Construction Types and Occupancy Classifications - 2261 Words

Fire 73: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications Fire 73: Fire Prevention Technology Learning Outcomes Following instruction the student shall: Understand fire resistive construction, noncombustible construction, combustible construction, and what constitutes fire-resistance. Identify and describe each of the five construction types and the construction features and fire dangers that are common to each construction type. Chapter 4: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications 1 Chapter 4: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications 2 Learning Outcomes Following instruction the student shall: Understanding building use, what determines the occupancy classification per the fire code, and the dangers†¦show more content†¦Structural members (frame) are non-combustible: Concrete Unprotected steel Will not burn, can fail in a fire leading to building collapse. Combustible materials allowed on non-structural: Wall coverings, roof coverings, finish flooring, wood trim. Chapter 4: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications 15 Chapter 4: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications 16 Type-II, Noncombustible Construction Type-II Structural members are non-combustible. In fire, contribute little or no fuel. Fire load is the contents. Chapter 4: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications 17 Chapter 4: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications 18 Chapter 4 3 Fire 73: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications Type-II Are the building materials or the building contents the risk? Type-III, Ordinary Chapter 4: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications 19 Chapter 4: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications 20 Type-III Commonly called: Ordinary Masonry Limited Combustible Exterior Protected â€Å"Main Street† USA Chapter 4: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications 21 Chapter 4: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications 22 Type-III Exterior walls are non-combustible. Usually masonry material. 2-hour fire-resistance rating. Type-III Concealed Void Spaces: Primary fire concern are concealed void spaces between the walls, floor, and ceiling.Show MoreRelatedConstruction Of An Existing Large Dwelling Into A New Tavern / Restaurant1788 Words   |  8 Pagesapproval/dismissal. There are two main processes which a developer could take to obtain planning and building approvals; certified and uncertified application. I have advised my client to use the certified application process in order to commence construction. Planning Approval Initially, once an opportunity is identified and feasibility and financing issues dealt with, a developer will need to propose their building scheme to a local council. The proposed size and potential impactsRead MoreChoosing The Correct Replacement For An Aged Roof1381 Words   |  6 Pagesreal estate assets for the next 10 to 20 years? Are there any plans to expand it in the near future, or to change its use? What are its current and future occupancy, insulation requirements, aesthetic priorities and even the maintenance schedules for rooftop equipment? These and other mission statement issues will help shape answers to types of roofing to consider and how much of the capital budget is really needed for the job. Start your questions with what is the building going to be used forRead MoreBuilding Construction8401 Words   |  34 PagesBuilding Construction Related to the Fire Service Chapter 1: Building Construction Fire Service The building variables that FF must consider: †¢ Age of building – age in itself is not a hazard but an indication of potential hazards †¢ Fire protection systems – first line of defense in a building †¢ Occupancy of the building – often affects fire behavior†¦each occupancy has different hazards fuels, and the structural components are subjected to different temperatures, heat releaseRead MoreAssignment Questions On Construction Management2647 Words   |  11 PagesRyan Bills COMM 1010 – Intro To Construction Management Instructor: Barry Hallsted Chapter 1 2 Review Questions 1. The type of projects that would be referred to as â€Å"heavy construction† are projects that fall into a few simple categories, which include but are not limited to: - They are most often, but not always, funded by the public sector (governments, publicly traded companies and organizations, corporations with contracts from governing entities, etc.) - - This is because these entitiesRead MoreTraining Report on Building Construction3371 Words   |  14 Pagesincluding hospitals, schools, retail and commercial buildings enabling a â€Å"live, work and play† theme within the same development. The company has strategic tie ups with global players like Turner, Leighton and Multiplex for project management and construction services. It has also entered into partnerships with international hospitality majors. like Accor and Premier Inn for budget and limited services category properties, Marriott, Hyatt and Intercontinental and Four Seasons for the up market and luxuryRead MoreNfpa 100630569 Words   |  123 Pagesto F. W. Piechota, Jr.) Frank E. Florence, NFPA Staff Liaison This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document. NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves. Committee Scope: This CommitteeRead MoreNfpa 100630576 Words   |  123 Pagesto F. W. Piechota, Jr.) Frank E. Florence, NFPA Staff Liaison This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document. NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves. Committee Scope: This CommitteeRead MoreLogistics Plan For A Company Project Executive1966 Words   |  8 Pagesassume all responsibility for maintenance and security of the Project Site at that time. 3. Contractor shall provide a secure site perimeter barricade at least eight feet (8’0†) tall around the entire construction site. The Contractor shall be entirely responsible for the design, engineering, construction and maintenance of the barricade. 4. The Site Logistics Plan needs to address the means for carrying out LEED points: SS Prerequisite 1, Erosion and Sedimentation Control; SS 5.1, Reduced Site Disturbance;Read MoreSeismic Performance Assessment For Vulnerability Analysis Of Rc Buildings2607 Words   |  11 Pagesassessment should be done for a building that represents a building stock. This requires a standard systematic inventory system that classifies the structures according to their type, occupancy, and function so that realistic estimates (capacity, seismic risk, loss etc.) can be made. Such building data collection and classification system was reported in various literatures. Usually parameters important to vulnerability assessment are considered for classifying the buildings that includes structural materialRead MorePreconstruction Services Agreement10795 Words   |  44 PagesAGREEMENT BETWEEN OWNER AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGER Pre-Construction and Construction Phase Services FPM Project No, CP00{ XXXX } AGREEMENT made by and between the Board of Regents, State of Iowa, acting for Iowa State University, hereinafter called the Owner, and { CM Name and Address } hereinafter called the Construction Manager. A strikethrough of paragraph(s) represents deleted or modified language. See Article 16 for deletions, modifications and additions to the Agreement. The Owner intends

Shortly about Sony Free Essays

Company information Sony Company was founded in 1946 in Tokyo physicist Akio Morita and Masaru Ibuka engineer. The company consisted of 20 employees, they were engaged in the repair of electrical equipment and tried to create their own products. At that moment, any development and production have been hampered. We will write a custom essay sample on Shortly about Sony or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because of the post-war limits on the consumption of electricity has consistently exceeded this limit and â€Å"Tokyo Research Laboratory† kicked out of their official location, production forcibly moved into the ruins of an abandoned building. In the â€Å"new† building roof was full of holes everywhere and everyone had to work under the umbrellas. But this was another plus – unlimited energy. The success of the company acquired in 1946 when Sony released the first transistor in Japan and the first â€Å"all – transistor† radio in 1955. For more than 50 years from the date when the company first started to sell their products, it has grown from 20 employees to more than 160,000 people worldwide. Sony name was chosen from the Latin word Sonus. In the beginning it was called â€Å"Tsushin Kogyo Kabushiki Tox-gaysya† (Tokyo telecom and industrial company) or bbreviated Totsuka Today Sony Corporation designs and manufactures consumer and industrial electronic equipment. The company’s products include audio and video equipment, televisions, displays, electronic components, computers and computer peripherals and telecommunication equipment. Akio Morita led the company for a long time, was responsible for marketing and sales, and managed to bring it to a huge success in the market. Sony made its name on a good and attractive design and innovation. The company paid a special role downsizing their products. In 1950 the company released its first radio – ? «TR-63†³, this initiated ompany’s success. In the years 1970-1980 appeared the first portable audio player Walkman. In 1983, Sony, in cooperation with Philips launched the first CD. All Sony Corporation is composed of eight departments: Sony Corporation (holding management, consumer electronics and professional); Sony Computer Entertainment (game consoles Playstation, and video games); Sony Mobile Communications (mobile phones) ; Sony Vaio (laptops); sony Bravta (TV); Sony Music Entertainment (music industry); Sony Pictures Entertainment (production and producing films, owns studios Columbia Pictures and TriStars Pictures); Sony Financial Holdings (operations in the financial sector – insurance, banks). A couple of interesting facts about Sony: When Sony, together with the Panasonic, developed CDs, then their capacity was determined randomly. A survey was conducted among potential buyers about what kind of music they will listen on CDs. The survey showed that people are most interested in perfectly crisp sound of classical music. Because in Japan the sales leader cassettes was â€Å"Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony,† and it lasted about 74 minutes, then 74 minutes was converted into a 16-bit stereo into bytes. Then it was determined that an optical drive should nave a capacity ot MB; Masaru Ibuka addition to the company Sony, was occupied by the Association of Early Childhood Development and the organization â€Å"Talent Education†; Sony founders were faithful to their company until the end and never refused in consultation, even in the last year of life. Company Sony is very successful over last several decades and uses its innovation and developments to create a multibillion and multinational electronic empire. No doubt that such a big company would not become without a brilliant managers nd engineers. Sony – a company tradition and modernity rules bordering future. Business Strategy Sony’s Business Strategy is to become the leading global provider of networked consumer electronics and entertainment in the world. In order to do that Sony will try to save market shares in developed countries by introducing innovative technologies and produce new products to emerging markets to achieve higher sales growth and at last occupy bigger market share. The main objective of the Sony Corporation is designing and creating innovative quality products which give benefits to people. SWOT Strengths Company is able to produce innovative products with high quality. Sony is able to be successful in several different markets for example company has made an impact in the PC market, video game market and especially the television market. Sony is able to be successful in several different markets for example company has made an impact in the PC market, video game market, mobile market, cameras market and especially the television market. Sony is one of fast growing companies. Corporation ranks among top 10 fastest-growing companies of the Word. Sony uses Machine-to- Machine (M2M) solution remote monitoring technology-based service solutions. The solution allows cost-effectively and continually monitor and manage the various components of production. Weaknesses Products are 20 to 30 percent higher than comparable goods of others companies. For example, for this reason, people in developing countries with minimum salaries cannot afford to by Sony’s excellent products. Sony tries to close the gap with technologies companies such as Amazon or Apple which use Internet services to improve their electronics. However, because of its business overload of heavy perating costs leading to inefficient supply chain Sony is missing that market gap. Opportunities Sony has opportunity to sell complementary products and services in saturated markets in Japan and USA and standard products in emerging markets in China, India, Latin America. Sony can use â€Å"user-friendly applications†, innovative materials and attractive visual appearance to differentiate products develops new technologies Threats Sony always uses and New companies can enter the market because the shift from analog to digital technology became easier. This is because complicated functionality has become oncentrated in semiconductors and it is easier to manufacture. Economic uncertainty and political instability in markets of China, India, and Russia is more violated. Mission and vision of Sony Mission of Sony it’s running to make best price intended for consumer, and get better the excellence of existence for the after that age group from side to side our improvement. Vision of Sony it’s necessity to look for new capabilities to move toward to change our skill to realize together gainful in addition to stable increase. Sony Company aspires for sustainable enlargement because bazaar of manufacturing lectronic customer supplies becomes wider. Inside together container, the Sony product determination engages in recreation a critical fraction. Sony corporation is clever to institute its extensive management by obtain additional physically powerful electronics corporation in addition to their results, which be after that Joint depended on improvement corporation. Submission of preparation to its workers, usual corporation process, in addition to the availability of modern equipment after that remain strengthen the place of the various creations of company on the market. The objective of Sony Company is in the direction of safe the extension of the trade in a sustainable method, at the same time as next to the similar occasion continually improve the company’s productivity. Attaining this objective involves four points: transition to the most important place in the market; focus attention to stay on top of a forceful distributers of the electronic offers; work in the direction of get better the company’s competence in addition to reduce expenses in action; continuously enlargement from side to side in technologies expanding own destination to increase their value for investors. PEST Political Tariff lowering in EIJ countries will affect at import and export operations in Sony Corporation, because the price will be modified due to this policy. Bad influence of political instability including unexpectedly Juridical changes, changes in import and export controls and conflicts among developing countries. Economic Foreign exchange rate changes can nave an ettect on financial situation because large part of Sony’s sales and assets are denominated in foreign currencies Social Electronics commodities are standardized products therefore culture has not a big impact. In all most markets, customer preferences are similar. In fact, the more standardized product, allow to sell it worldwide this helps organization to have ‘transference of marketing’ across countries. Technological Advanced technologies are a key issue to be more competitive in the market. Sony tries to manufacture most innovative products that will be hard to copy and will help them to lead in the market, so the company does not stop in self-improvement. How to cite Shortly about Sony, Papers

The Shadow Lines free essay sample

Written when the homes of the Sikhs were still smouldering, some of the most important questions the novel probes are the various faces of violence and the extent to which its fiery arms reach under the guise of fighting for freedom. Ghoshs treatment of violence in Calcutta and in Dhaka is valid even today, more than ten years after its publication. What has happened recently in Kosovo and in East Timor show that answers still evade the questions which Ghosh poses about freedom, about the very real yet non-existing lines which divide nations, people, and families. Much has been written about Amitav Ghoshs novels. The Novels of Amitav Ghosh, edited by R. K. Dhawan was published this year by Prestige Books, New Delhi. If I find it necessary to say something more about Ghoshs writing it is because this novel moved me as none other did in the recent times. The Shadow Lines is the story of the family and friends of the nameless narrator who for all his anonymity comes across as if he is the person looking at you quietly from across the table by the time the story telling is over and silence descends. Before that stage arrives the reader is catapulted to different places and times at breath taking tempo. The past, present and future combine and melt together erasing any kind of line of demarcation. Such lines are present mainly in the shadows they cast. There is no point of reference to hold on to. Thus the going away the title of the first section of the novel becomes coming home the title of the second section. These two titles could easily have been exchanged. The narrator is very much like the chronicler Pimen in Pushkins drama Boris Godonow. But unlike Pushkins Pimen this one is not a passive witness to all that happens in his presence, and absence. The very soul of the happenings, he is the comma which separates yet connects the various clauses of life lived in Calcuttta, London, Dhaka and elsewhere. The story starts about thirteen years before the birth of the narrator and ends on the night preceding his departure from London back to Delhi. He spends less than a year in London, researching for his doctorate work, but it is a London he knew very well even before he puts a step on its pavements. Two people have made London so very real to him Tridib, the second son of his fathers aunt, his real mentor and inspirer, and Ila his beautiful cousin who has travelled all over the world but has seen little compared to what the narrator has seen through his mental eye. London is also a very real place because of Tridibs and Ilas friends Mrs. Price, her daughter May, and son Nick. Like London comes alive due to the stories related by Ila and Tridib, Dhaka comes alive because of all the stories of her childhood told to him by his incomparable grandmother who was born there. The tragedy is that though the narrator spends almost a year in London and thus has ample opportunity to come to terms with its role in his life, it is Dhaka which he never visits that affects him most by the violent drama that takes place on its roads, taking Tridib away as one of its most unfortunate victims. Violence has many faces in this novel it is as much present in the marriage of Ila to Nick doomed to failure even before the yes word was spoken, as it is present on the riot torn streets of Calcutta or Dhaka. But the speciality of this novel is that this violence is very subtle till almost the end. When violence is dealt with, the idea is not to describe it explicitly like a voyeur but to look at it to comprehend its total senselessness. Thus the way violence is brought into the picture is extraordinarily sensitive: The narrator says, talking of the day riots tore Calcutta apart in 1964, I opened my mouth to answer and found I had nothing to say. All I could have told them was of the sound of voices running past the walls of my school, and of a glimpse of a mob in Park Circus. I have never experienced such a sound, but God, how these sentences get under the skin, how easy it is to hear that sound, how the heart beats faster on reading these sentences! There are many other reasons why The Shadow Lines is so special a book. It has many of the characteristics that elevate a book to the level of unforgettable literature. First of all there is this simple language. These days when doing acroba tics with words and language has become equivalent to paving new directions in the literary scene, it is heart warming to read a book in which straight forward language s used to convey what the author wants to say. And what messages are conveyed, what new ideas are unearthed! I am one of those readers who likes reading because of the power inherent in words. Whenever I read a new book, I always hope that the book contains sentences and words at least a couple of them that illuminate the heart and mind for a long time after reading, sentences which simply make life easier to live. There is a treasure of such sentences to be discovered in The Shadow Lines. For example, look at what Ghosh says about knowledge and ignorance: e knew the clarity of that image in his mind was merely the seductive clarity of ignorance; an illusion of knowledge created by a deceptive weight of remembered detail. And there is this most beautiful of all sentences I have read for a long, long time And yet , when I look at her (the grandmother), lying crumpled in front of me, her white thinning hair matted with her invalids sweat, my heart fills with love for her love and that other thing, which is not pity but something else, something the English language knows only in its absence ruth a tenderness which is not merely pity and not only love. It is this tenderness of feeling, this feeling of ruth of which the novel is so full of, which moves me. For all the violence that plays the central role in the novel, it is this abundant feeling of tenderness in the novel that the narrator feels for the people, for Tridib, for Ila, for the grandmother, for May, for Robi, that has remained with me. Ghosh is also a humorous writer. It is serious humour. Single words hide a wealth of meaning, for example, the way Tridibs father is always referred to as Shaheb, Ilas mother as Queen Victoria, or the way the grandmothers sister always remains Mayadebi without any suffix denoting the relationship. Also look at this passage that describes how the grandmother reacts on discovering that her old Jethamoshai is living with a Muslim family in Dhaka. She exchanged a look of amazement with Mayadebi. Do you know, she whispered to Robi, there was a time when that old man was so orthodox that he wouldnt let a Muslims shadow pass within ten feet of his food? And look at him now, paying the price of his sins. Ten feet! Robi explained to May in hushed whisper, marvelling at the precision of the measurement. How did he measure? he whispered back at my grandmother. Did he keep a tape in his pocket when he ate? No, no, my grandmother said impatiently. In those days many people followed rules like that; they had an instinct. Trignometry! , Robi cried in a triumphant aside to May. They must have known Trignometry. They probably worked it out like a sum: if the Muslim is standing under a twenty-two foot bulding, how far is his shadow? You see, were much cleverer than you: bet your grandfather couldnt tell when a Germans shadow was passing within ten feet of his food. As I read Robis comments, I laughed, at first. Then I had to swallow hard at centuries old injustice these words were trying to hint at. Finally, another important reason the novel succeeds is because the main characters are very real, almost perfectly rounded. I specially love the grandmother. She is the grandmother many of us recognise. In her fierce moral standards, spartan outlook of life, intolerance of any nonsense real and imagined, she is as real as any patriarch or matriarch worth the name. And there is this very loveable character of the narrator. It is that of a boy who warms your heart, it is that of a man who knows and has lost love more than once in his life and thus makes you feel like hugging him close to your heart. On all scores Amitav Ghoshs The Shadow Lines is a novel which must be read and re-read, thought about and discussed upon. It is a book that stays with the reader long after the last page has been turned and the light has been switched off.