Construction Types and Occupancy Classifications - 2261 Words

Fire 73: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications Fire 73: Fire Prevention Technology Learning Outcomes Following instruction the student shall: Understand fire resistive construction, noncombustible construction, combustible construction, and what constitutes fire-resistance. Identify and describe each of the five construction types and the construction features and fire dangers that are common to each construction type. Chapter 4: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications 1 Chapter 4: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications 2 Learning Outcomes Following instruction the student shall: Understanding building use, what determines the occupancy classification per the fire code, and the dangers†¦show more content†¦Structural members (frame) are non-combustible: Concrete Unprotected steel Will not burn, can fail in a fire leading to building collapse. Combustible materials allowed on non-structural: Wall coverings, roof coverings, finish flooring, wood trim. Chapter 4: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications 15 Chapter 4: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications 16 Type-II, Noncombustible Construction Type-II Structural members are non-combustible. In fire, contribute little or no fuel. Fire load is the contents. Chapter 4: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications 17 Chapter 4: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications 18 Chapter 4 3 Fire 73: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications Type-II Are the building materials or the building contents the risk? Type-III, Ordinary Chapter 4: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications 19 Chapter 4: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications 20 Type-III Commonly called: Ordinary Masonry Limited Combustible Exterior Protected â€Å"Main Street† USA Chapter 4: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications 21 Chapter 4: Construction Types Occupancy Classifications 22 Type-III Exterior walls are non-combustible. Usually masonry material. 2-hour fire-resistance rating. Type-III Concealed Void Spaces: Primary fire concern are concealed void spaces between the walls, floor, and ceiling.Show MoreRelatedConstruction Of An Existing Large Dwelling Into A New Tavern / Restaurant1788 Words   |  8 Pagesapproval/dismissal. There are two main processes which a developer could take to obtain planning and building approvals; certified and uncertified application. I have advised my client to use the certified application process in order to commence construction. Planning Approval Initially, once an opportunity is identified and feasibility and financing issues dealt with, a developer will need to propose their building scheme to a local council. The proposed size and potential impactsRead MoreChoosing The Correct Replacement For An Aged Roof1381 Words   |  6 Pagesreal estate assets for the next 10 to 20 years? Are there any plans to expand it in the near future, or to change its use? What are its current and future occupancy, insulation requirements, aesthetic priorities and even the maintenance schedules for rooftop equipment? These and other mission statement issues will help shape answers to types of roofing to consider and how much of the capital budget is really needed for the job. Start your questions with what is the building going to be used forRead MoreBuilding Construction8401 Words   |  34 PagesBuilding Construction Related to the Fire Service Chapter 1: Building Construction Fire Service The building variables that FF must consider: †¢ Age of building – age in itself is not a hazard but an indication of potential hazards †¢ Fire protection systems – first line of defense in a building †¢ Occupancy of the building – often affects fire behavior†¦each occupancy has different hazards fuels, and the structural components are subjected to different temperatures, heat releaseRead MoreAssignment Questions On Construction Management2647 Words   |  11 PagesRyan Bills COMM 1010 – Intro To Construction Management Instructor: Barry Hallsted Chapter 1 2 Review Questions 1. The type of projects that would be referred to as â€Å"heavy construction† are projects that fall into a few simple categories, which include but are not limited to: - They are most often, but not always, funded by the public sector (governments, publicly traded companies and organizations, corporations with contracts from governing entities, etc.) - - This is because these entitiesRead MoreTraining Report on Building Construction3371 Words   |  14 Pagesincluding hospitals, schools, retail and commercial buildings enabling a â€Å"live, work and play† theme within the same development. The company has strategic tie ups with global players like Turner, Leighton and Multiplex for project management and construction services. It has also entered into partnerships with international hospitality majors. like Accor and Premier Inn for budget and limited services category properties, Marriott, Hyatt and Intercontinental and Four Seasons for the up market and luxuryRead MoreNfpa 100630569 Words   |  123 Pagesto F. W. Piechota, Jr.) Frank E. Florence, NFPA Staff Liaison This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document. NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves. Committee Scope: This CommitteeRead MoreNfpa 100630576 Words   |  123 Pagesto F. W. Piechota, Jr.) Frank E. Florence, NFPA Staff Liaison This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document. NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves. Committee Scope: This CommitteeRead MoreLogistics Plan For A Company Project Executive1966 Words   |  8 Pagesassume all responsibility for maintenance and security of the Project Site at that time. 3. Contractor shall provide a secure site perimeter barricade at least eight feet (8’0†) tall around the entire construction site. The Contractor shall be entirely responsible for the design, engineering, construction and maintenance of the barricade. 4. The Site Logistics Plan needs to address the means for carrying out LEED points: SS Prerequisite 1, Erosion and Sedimentation Control; SS 5.1, Reduced Site Disturbance;Read MoreSeismic Performance Assessment For Vulnerability Analysis Of Rc Buildings2607 Words   |  11 Pagesassessment should be done for a building that represents a building stock. This requires a standard systematic inventory system that classifies the structures according to their type, occupancy, and function so that realistic estimates (capacity, seismic risk, loss etc.) can be made. Such building data collection and classification system was reported in various literatures. Usually parameters important to vulnerability assessment are considered for classifying the buildings that includes structural materialRead MorePreconstruction Services Agreement10795 Words   |  44 PagesAGREEMENT BETWEEN OWNER AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGER Pre-Construction and Construction Phase Services FPM Project No, CP00{ XXXX } AGREEMENT made by and between the Board of Regents, State of Iowa, acting for Iowa State University, hereinafter called the Owner, and { CM Name and Address } hereinafter called the Construction Manager. A strikethrough of paragraph(s) represents deleted or modified language. See Article 16 for deletions, modifications and additions to the Agreement. The Owner intends

Shortly about Sony Free Essays

Company information Sony Company was founded in 1946 in Tokyo physicist Akio Morita and Masaru Ibuka engineer. The company consisted of 20 employees, they were engaged in the repair of electrical equipment and tried to create their own products. At that moment, any development and production have been hampered. We will write a custom essay sample on Shortly about Sony or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because of the post-war limits on the consumption of electricity has consistently exceeded this limit and â€Å"Tokyo Research Laboratory† kicked out of their official location, production forcibly moved into the ruins of an abandoned building. In the â€Å"new† building roof was full of holes everywhere and everyone had to work under the umbrellas. But this was another plus – unlimited energy. The success of the company acquired in 1946 when Sony released the first transistor in Japan and the first â€Å"all – transistor† radio in 1955. For more than 50 years from the date when the company first started to sell their products, it has grown from 20 employees to more than 160,000 people worldwide. Sony name was chosen from the Latin word Sonus. In the beginning it was called â€Å"Tsushin Kogyo Kabushiki Tox-gaysya† (Tokyo telecom and industrial company) or bbreviated Totsuka Today Sony Corporation designs and manufactures consumer and industrial electronic equipment. The company’s products include audio and video equipment, televisions, displays, electronic components, computers and computer peripherals and telecommunication equipment. Akio Morita led the company for a long time, was responsible for marketing and sales, and managed to bring it to a huge success in the market. Sony made its name on a good and attractive design and innovation. The company paid a special role downsizing their products. In 1950 the company released its first radio – ? «TR-63†³, this initiated ompany’s success. In the years 1970-1980 appeared the first portable audio player Walkman. In 1983, Sony, in cooperation with Philips launched the first CD. All Sony Corporation is composed of eight departments: Sony Corporation (holding management, consumer electronics and professional); Sony Computer Entertainment (game consoles Playstation, and video games); Sony Mobile Communications (mobile phones) ; Sony Vaio (laptops); sony Bravta (TV); Sony Music Entertainment (music industry); Sony Pictures Entertainment (production and producing films, owns studios Columbia Pictures and TriStars Pictures); Sony Financial Holdings (operations in the financial sector – insurance, banks). A couple of interesting facts about Sony: When Sony, together with the Panasonic, developed CDs, then their capacity was determined randomly. A survey was conducted among potential buyers about what kind of music they will listen on CDs. The survey showed that people are most interested in perfectly crisp sound of classical music. Because in Japan the sales leader cassettes was â€Å"Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony,† and it lasted about 74 minutes, then 74 minutes was converted into a 16-bit stereo into bytes. Then it was determined that an optical drive should nave a capacity ot MB; Masaru Ibuka addition to the company Sony, was occupied by the Association of Early Childhood Development and the organization â€Å"Talent Education†; Sony founders were faithful to their company until the end and never refused in consultation, even in the last year of life. Company Sony is very successful over last several decades and uses its innovation and developments to create a multibillion and multinational electronic empire. No doubt that such a big company would not become without a brilliant managers nd engineers. Sony – a company tradition and modernity rules bordering future. Business Strategy Sony’s Business Strategy is to become the leading global provider of networked consumer electronics and entertainment in the world. In order to do that Sony will try to save market shares in developed countries by introducing innovative technologies and produce new products to emerging markets to achieve higher sales growth and at last occupy bigger market share. The main objective of the Sony Corporation is designing and creating innovative quality products which give benefits to people. SWOT Strengths Company is able to produce innovative products with high quality. Sony is able to be successful in several different markets for example company has made an impact in the PC market, video game market and especially the television market. Sony is able to be successful in several different markets for example company has made an impact in the PC market, video game market, mobile market, cameras market and especially the television market. Sony is one of fast growing companies. Corporation ranks among top 10 fastest-growing companies of the Word. Sony uses Machine-to- Machine (M2M) solution remote monitoring technology-based service solutions. The solution allows cost-effectively and continually monitor and manage the various components of production. Weaknesses Products are 20 to 30 percent higher than comparable goods of others companies. For example, for this reason, people in developing countries with minimum salaries cannot afford to by Sony’s excellent products. Sony tries to close the gap with technologies companies such as Amazon or Apple which use Internet services to improve their electronics. However, because of its business overload of heavy perating costs leading to inefficient supply chain Sony is missing that market gap. Opportunities Sony has opportunity to sell complementary products and services in saturated markets in Japan and USA and standard products in emerging markets in China, India, Latin America. Sony can use â€Å"user-friendly applications†, innovative materials and attractive visual appearance to differentiate products develops new technologies Threats Sony always uses and New companies can enter the market because the shift from analog to digital technology became easier. This is because complicated functionality has become oncentrated in semiconductors and it is easier to manufacture. Economic uncertainty and political instability in markets of China, India, and Russia is more violated. Mission and vision of Sony Mission of Sony it’s running to make best price intended for consumer, and get better the excellence of existence for the after that age group from side to side our improvement. Vision of Sony it’s necessity to look for new capabilities to move toward to change our skill to realize together gainful in addition to stable increase. Sony Company aspires for sustainable enlargement because bazaar of manufacturing lectronic customer supplies becomes wider. Inside together container, the Sony product determination engages in recreation a critical fraction. Sony corporation is clever to institute its extensive management by obtain additional physically powerful electronics corporation in addition to their results, which be after that Joint depended on improvement corporation. Submission of preparation to its workers, usual corporation process, in addition to the availability of modern equipment after that remain strengthen the place of the various creations of company on the market. The objective of Sony Company is in the direction of safe the extension of the trade in a sustainable method, at the same time as next to the similar occasion continually improve the company’s productivity. Attaining this objective involves four points: transition to the most important place in the market; focus attention to stay on top of a forceful distributers of the electronic offers; work in the direction of get better the company’s competence in addition to reduce expenses in action; continuously enlargement from side to side in technologies expanding own destination to increase their value for investors. PEST Political Tariff lowering in EIJ countries will affect at import and export operations in Sony Corporation, because the price will be modified due to this policy. Bad influence of political instability including unexpectedly Juridical changes, changes in import and export controls and conflicts among developing countries. Economic Foreign exchange rate changes can nave an ettect on financial situation because large part of Sony’s sales and assets are denominated in foreign currencies Social Electronics commodities are standardized products therefore culture has not a big impact. In all most markets, customer preferences are similar. In fact, the more standardized product, allow to sell it worldwide this helps organization to have ‘transference of marketing’ across countries. Technological Advanced technologies are a key issue to be more competitive in the market. Sony tries to manufacture most innovative products that will be hard to copy and will help them to lead in the market, so the company does not stop in self-improvement. How to cite Shortly about Sony, Papers

The Shadow Lines free essay sample

Written when the homes of the Sikhs were still smouldering, some of the most important questions the novel probes are the various faces of violence and the extent to which its fiery arms reach under the guise of fighting for freedom. Ghoshs treatment of violence in Calcutta and in Dhaka is valid even today, more than ten years after its publication. What has happened recently in Kosovo and in East Timor show that answers still evade the questions which Ghosh poses about freedom, about the very real yet non-existing lines which divide nations, people, and families. Much has been written about Amitav Ghoshs novels. The Novels of Amitav Ghosh, edited by R. K. Dhawan was published this year by Prestige Books, New Delhi. If I find it necessary to say something more about Ghoshs writing it is because this novel moved me as none other did in the recent times. The Shadow Lines is the story of the family and friends of the nameless narrator who for all his anonymity comes across as if he is the person looking at you quietly from across the table by the time the story telling is over and silence descends. Before that stage arrives the reader is catapulted to different places and times at breath taking tempo. The past, present and future combine and melt together erasing any kind of line of demarcation. Such lines are present mainly in the shadows they cast. There is no point of reference to hold on to. Thus the going away the title of the first section of the novel becomes coming home the title of the second section. These two titles could easily have been exchanged. The narrator is very much like the chronicler Pimen in Pushkins drama Boris Godonow. But unlike Pushkins Pimen this one is not a passive witness to all that happens in his presence, and absence. The very soul of the happenings, he is the comma which separates yet connects the various clauses of life lived in Calcuttta, London, Dhaka and elsewhere. The story starts about thirteen years before the birth of the narrator and ends on the night preceding his departure from London back to Delhi. He spends less than a year in London, researching for his doctorate work, but it is a London he knew very well even before he puts a step on its pavements. Two people have made London so very real to him Tridib, the second son of his fathers aunt, his real mentor and inspirer, and Ila his beautiful cousin who has travelled all over the world but has seen little compared to what the narrator has seen through his mental eye. London is also a very real place because of Tridibs and Ilas friends Mrs. Price, her daughter May, and son Nick. Like London comes alive due to the stories related by Ila and Tridib, Dhaka comes alive because of all the stories of her childhood told to him by his incomparable grandmother who was born there. The tragedy is that though the narrator spends almost a year in London and thus has ample opportunity to come to terms with its role in his life, it is Dhaka which he never visits that affects him most by the violent drama that takes place on its roads, taking Tridib away as one of its most unfortunate victims. Violence has many faces in this novel it is as much present in the marriage of Ila to Nick doomed to failure even before the yes word was spoken, as it is present on the riot torn streets of Calcutta or Dhaka. But the speciality of this novel is that this violence is very subtle till almost the end. When violence is dealt with, the idea is not to describe it explicitly like a voyeur but to look at it to comprehend its total senselessness. Thus the way violence is brought into the picture is extraordinarily sensitive: The narrator says, talking of the day riots tore Calcutta apart in 1964, I opened my mouth to answer and found I had nothing to say. All I could have told them was of the sound of voices running past the walls of my school, and of a glimpse of a mob in Park Circus. I have never experienced such a sound, but God, how these sentences get under the skin, how easy it is to hear that sound, how the heart beats faster on reading these sentences! There are many other reasons why The Shadow Lines is so special a book. It has many of the characteristics that elevate a book to the level of unforgettable literature. First of all there is this simple language. These days when doing acroba tics with words and language has become equivalent to paving new directions in the literary scene, it is heart warming to read a book in which straight forward language s used to convey what the author wants to say. And what messages are conveyed, what new ideas are unearthed! I am one of those readers who likes reading because of the power inherent in words. Whenever I read a new book, I always hope that the book contains sentences and words at least a couple of them that illuminate the heart and mind for a long time after reading, sentences which simply make life easier to live. There is a treasure of such sentences to be discovered in The Shadow Lines. For example, look at what Ghosh says about knowledge and ignorance: e knew the clarity of that image in his mind was merely the seductive clarity of ignorance; an illusion of knowledge created by a deceptive weight of remembered detail. And there is this most beautiful of all sentences I have read for a long, long time And yet , when I look at her (the grandmother), lying crumpled in front of me, her white thinning hair matted with her invalids sweat, my heart fills with love for her love and that other thing, which is not pity but something else, something the English language knows only in its absence ruth a tenderness which is not merely pity and not only love. It is this tenderness of feeling, this feeling of ruth of which the novel is so full of, which moves me. For all the violence that plays the central role in the novel, it is this abundant feeling of tenderness in the novel that the narrator feels for the people, for Tridib, for Ila, for the grandmother, for May, for Robi, that has remained with me. Ghosh is also a humorous writer. It is serious humour. Single words hide a wealth of meaning, for example, the way Tridibs father is always referred to as Shaheb, Ilas mother as Queen Victoria, or the way the grandmothers sister always remains Mayadebi without any suffix denoting the relationship. Also look at this passage that describes how the grandmother reacts on discovering that her old Jethamoshai is living with a Muslim family in Dhaka. She exchanged a look of amazement with Mayadebi. Do you know, she whispered to Robi, there was a time when that old man was so orthodox that he wouldnt let a Muslims shadow pass within ten feet of his food? And look at him now, paying the price of his sins. Ten feet! Robi explained to May in hushed whisper, marvelling at the precision of the measurement. How did he measure? he whispered back at my grandmother. Did he keep a tape in his pocket when he ate? No, no, my grandmother said impatiently. In those days many people followed rules like that; they had an instinct. Trignometry! , Robi cried in a triumphant aside to May. They must have known Trignometry. They probably worked it out like a sum: if the Muslim is standing under a twenty-two foot bulding, how far is his shadow? You see, were much cleverer than you: bet your grandfather couldnt tell when a Germans shadow was passing within ten feet of his food. As I read Robis comments, I laughed, at first. Then I had to swallow hard at centuries old injustice these words were trying to hint at. Finally, another important reason the novel succeeds is because the main characters are very real, almost perfectly rounded. I specially love the grandmother. She is the grandmother many of us recognise. In her fierce moral standards, spartan outlook of life, intolerance of any nonsense real and imagined, she is as real as any patriarch or matriarch worth the name. And there is this very loveable character of the narrator. It is that of a boy who warms your heart, it is that of a man who knows and has lost love more than once in his life and thus makes you feel like hugging him close to your heart. On all scores Amitav Ghoshs The Shadow Lines is a novel which must be read and re-read, thought about and discussed upon. It is a book that stays with the reader long after the last page has been turned and the light has been switched off.

Kalpana Chawla free essay sample

Teachers Day BY vtnay2085 Speech given on the Teachers Day. Ghiyasuddin School, Wednesday 13th September 2006 Madam Aishath Adam, Senior Assistant Principal, Supervisors, members of the staff, Teachers and Dear Students. Assalaam Alaikum and Good afternoon. Today, we are here to celebrate great teachers and great teaching. As a fellow teacher, I find awkward to speak about teachers or for teachers. But, first, let me convey to all the teachers, my personal greetings and best wishes on the teachers day. Dear Teachers: Though a fellow teacher, I want to say I am proud of you. I am proud of your edication to the profession and for the personal sacrifices you make to teach our children. I am delighted of your devotion to train their questing minds, and for your inspiration of their hopeful hearts. I am proud that you take this responsibility seriously †that you see it as sacred trust. We celebrate teachers day, because we value you. We will write a custom essay sample on Kalpana Chawla or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I want to remind you that all the parents, students and the wider community deeply appreciate your commitment to teaching and to the children. There is no substitute for education. Firstly, because its the most precious gift we can give our children. Secondly, because its the most critical investment in our future. And thirdly, because its the most effective strategy which will enable us to survive and to thrive in a changing world. Dear Students: I became a teacher because of some of the happy experiences I had in school. There were teachers who touched my soul; who helped me realize my own potential. I decided to become a teacher because I want to help change someones life. Sometimes, it is hard. We have our own families, financial life and life problems that challenge us, like everyone else. Sometimes we are exhausted by our workload nd responsibilities. This is why teachers need encouragement and support. So that in turn, we can devote ourselves to our students. Dear staff and students; On Teachers Day every year, we remember our teachers, we remember our childrens teachers. We recognize these very dedicated people. People who give of themselves and take a personal interest in their students. Teachers who have touched our liv es, moulded us into what we are today, and are helping to shape tomorrows people, tomorrows students. Just as a country is as good as its people, so its citizens are only as good as their teachers. Therefore a great deal depends on you, teachers, and I salute you, all of you, those here today, and those absent, for your passion, dedication, commitment and contributions. I wish to all the teachers a successful career in teaching   a career in which you find happiness, health, friendship and love. Happy Teachers Day and thank you. Kalpana Chawla By Vaishakhi Status Deceased Born July 1, 1961 Karnal, Haryana, India Died February 1, 2003 (aged 42) Over Texas Previous occupation Research Scientist Time in space 31d 14h 54m selection 1994 NASA Group Mission insignia Sts-87-patch. ng STS-107 Flight Insignia. svg Kalpana Chawla , was an Indian-American scientist and a NASA astronaut. She was one of seven crewmembers killed in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster. Early life Kalpana Chawla was born in a Punjabi Hindu family at Karnal, Haryana, India. [l] She was born in Model Town Karnal. Kalpana in Hindi means imagination. Her interest in flying was inspired by J. R. D. Tata, a pionee ring Indian pilot and industrialist. [2][3]. Kalpana has two sisters (Sunita Deepa) and a brother (Sanjay). Being the youngest, the family members gave her the nickname Montu. She met and married Jean- Pierre Harrison, a flying instructor and aviation writer, in 1983 and became a naturalized United States citizen in 1990. [4] [edit] Education Chawla completed her earlier schooling at Tagore Public School, Karnal. She earned her B. E. degree in aeronautical engineering at Punjab Engineering College in Chandigarh in 1982. She moved to the United States in 1982 and obtained a M. S. degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Texas at Arlington (1984). Chawla went on to earn a second M. S. degree in 1986 and a Ph. D. degree in aerospace engineering in 1988 from the University of Colorado at Boulder. Later that year she began working for NASA Ames Research Center as vice president of Overset Methods, Inc. where she did CFD research on WSTOL. [2] Chawla held a Certificated Flight Instructor rating for airplanes, gliders and Commercial Pilot licenses for single and multiengine airplanes, seaplanes and gliders. She held an FCC issued Technician Class Amateur Radio license with the call sign KD5ESl. [edit] NASA career Chawla Joined the NASA astronaut corps in March 1995 and was selected for her first flight in 1998. that flew the Space Shuttle Columbia flight STS-87. Chawla was the first Indian-born oman and the second person of Indian origin to fly in space, following cosmonaut Rakesh Sharma who flew in 1984 in a Soviet spacecraft. On her first mission Chawla travelled over 10. 4 million miles

Free Essays on City Of Glass

Who’s Talking? In Paul Auster’s modern novel, City of Glass, an unlimited narrator is used to allow the reader to draw their own conclusions or ideas about what is truly going on in the story. The â€Å"all-knowing† narrator is almost similar to a God, knowing things that a single person could not possibly know. They know thoughts, ideas and personal information of several different characters. Auster leaves many details open about the story and forces readers to incorporate their own thoughts into the novel. City of Glass can be compared to an abstract work of art in which the â€Å"idea† is in the eye of the beholder. Two different people can read this novel and come up with two different ideas as to what happened in the end. Auster’s use of an unlimited narrator effectively involves the reader and prevents readers from just simply coming to the end to have it all explained, leaving no options to use their imagination and analysis. The unlimited narrator speaks as several different characters interchangeably throughout the book. First, the introduction is spoken directly to the reader, almost a one-on-one between reader and author. Auster writes, â€Å" The question is the story itself, and whether or not it means something is not for the story to tell.† Immediately we are give a personal introduction of the future events. The ending, â€Å"†¦it is not for the story to tell.†, indicates that the audience is the one to tell or the one to decipher the actual happenings in the plot and they are in fact involved with â€Å"the story itself†. Another role that is taken on by the narrator is introduced as Daniel Quinn. A significant amount of the book is described from his point of view. The narrator brings us through his daily routines, from following around Stillman, to using the bathroom. He uses extreme detail on his activities. Another role taken on by the narrator is of the mys terious man who recently returns from ... Free Essays on City Of Glass Free Essays on City Of Glass Who’s Talking? In Paul Auster’s modern novel, City of Glass, an unlimited narrator is used to allow the reader to draw their own conclusions or ideas about what is truly going on in the story. The â€Å"all-knowing† narrator is almost similar to a God, knowing things that a single person could not possibly know. They know thoughts, ideas and personal information of several different characters. Auster leaves many details open about the story and forces readers to incorporate their own thoughts into the novel. City of Glass can be compared to an abstract work of art in which the â€Å"idea† is in the eye of the beholder. Two different people can read this novel and come up with two different ideas as to what happened in the end. Auster’s use of an unlimited narrator effectively involves the reader and prevents readers from just simply coming to the end to have it all explained, leaving no options to use their imagination and analysis. The unlimited narrator speaks as several different characters interchangeably throughout the book. First, the introduction is spoken directly to the reader, almost a one-on-one between reader and author. Auster writes, â€Å" The question is the story itself, and whether or not it means something is not for the story to tell.† Immediately we are give a personal introduction of the future events. The ending, â€Å"†¦it is not for the story to tell.†, indicates that the audience is the one to tell or the one to decipher the actual happenings in the plot and they are in fact involved with â€Å"the story itself†. Another role that is taken on by the narrator is introduced as Daniel Quinn. A significant amount of the book is described from his point of view. The narrator brings us through his daily routines, from following around Stillman, to using the bathroom. He uses extreme detail on his activities. Another role taken on by the narrator is of the mys terious man who recently returns from ...

Book Report on Dear America Series- Diary of Hattie Campbell Essay Example for Free

Book Report on Dear America Series- Diary of Hattie Campbell Essay This book, written by Kristiana Gregory, is about a thirteen year old girl from Pennsylvania, Hattie Campbell. On her birthday, she was given a diary by her mother and her Aunt June. In the first entry, she mentions her Uncle Milton’s death three days ago while fixing her family’s barn and his funeral the eve of her birthday. At the funeral, the coffin fell out of their cart and was washed into the nearby river. Her father tried to save it but was almost sucked into the paddles of a riverboat. As a sign of apology, the riverboat captain agreed to give Mr Campbell and his family free tickets on his riverboat to go anywhere they wanted. That night, he announced that the family would be heading to the untamed West, at that time occupied by the Indians who were known to be violent. Mrs Campbell was very angry and initiated a â€Å"cold war† with her husband. Two days later, she relents and agrees to head out West. On the way out West, the family met a young adult named Tall Joe, who eventually becomes the captain of their group. Throughout the long trip, they lost many partners as their oxen died or they were shot by Indians. One day, Hattie and her friend, Pepper, are out playing and happened to stumble across what they thought were wild carrots and parsnips. They took some back as it was their turn to cook for the group. Back at camp, they got around their chores and started cooking. A little girl, Cassia, looked longingly at the â€Å"carrots and parsnips† and takes two bites before running off to play. Later, as they were rolling out pastry, they heard screams. They went in the direction of the screams and were horrified to find Pepper’s twin brother, Wade, and some of his friends lying on the ground, jaws clenched so tightly that nobody could pour charcoal and water into their systems to absorb the poison. In the end all of them except Wade died. The women were able to pour charcoal into his mouth. Hattie’s father then went to the tent where the kitchen was. When he saw the â€Å"carrots and parsnips†, he asked Hattie to cut some for him. He put it on the edge of his tongue and spat it out immediately. He said that it was actually water hemlock, a poisonous plant which could kill a horse if it just ate one. A man would die from a bite. They immediately remembered Cassia. They found her limp body and buried her together with the boys. The priest prayed over their graves. The next day, they called all the children and drew on the dirt to show them the difference between water hemlock and wild carrots and parsnips. Eventually, after twenty six months on the road, they reach their destination, Oregon. Along the way the accompanying Aunt June gave birth to a daughter, River Ann Valentine. The family, Aunt June and her husband settled in Oregon and became one of the first pioneers to make it to their destinations. Book Report on Dear America Series- Diary of Hattie Campbell. (2016, Dec 24).

Types of Aging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Types of Aging - Essay Example exposure to toxins may dramatically reduce expectancy. Today’s society has witnessed a pronounced increase in longevity coupled with lowered birth rates. Aging bears both positive stereotypes (such as becoming wiser, more confident, and more motivated) and negative aspects such as predisposition to disease, disability, and depression arising from isolation which influences old people’s self esteem (Morgan and Kunkel 2011, p.11). Some years back, aging experience was not a cosy affair. Nevertheless, improvements in health and nutrition aided by technology have eased the experience making it more comfortable. Modern technology has improved the living conditions of many people. However, the increase in longevity has yielded shortcomings such as a rise in risk of abuse, exploitation, and neglect among the older people. Statistics from the Office for National Statistics (UK) indicate that the percentage of the population above 70 years will continue to surge through the 21st century. A report from the Office of National Statistics places the life expectancy of persons at 75 years, a figure that rises with dawn of each day. The contemporary society has undergone demographic, structural, and cultural transformations with the advent of aging populations. In fact, gerontologists have coined the term â€Å"global graying† to describe this phenomenon. ... Chronological age also aids in prediction of health problems within the population and is a common variable in research endeavours (Blackburn & Dulmus 2007, p.3). Biological/physiological aging refers to body changes that accompany advancement of years. The physical changes that occur in people are not all normal since they borrow heavily on lifestyle choices and cultural practices. Some of these changes can be modified, if not prevented. Psychological aging refers to how people act and feel about themselves as they age. As people age, the information processing capability such as reaction time, intelligence, learning, memory and problem solving are affected. Similarly, their personality and self concept is affected. For instance, a 90-year-old who is occupationally active may be considered as psychologically young (Morgan and Kunkel 2011, p.12). As people age, they become functional dependent. This is particularly more pronounced in mental functions such as learning of new languages (Hillier and Barrow (2011, p.48). Functional age helps in targeting of services to sub-groups guided by age and need e.g. identification of people with physical limitations and who need home care. Contemporary societies have been able to maintain a reasonable quality of life of the old while preserving their functional independence. In addition, as people age, social factors such as society’s perception of â€Å"growing old† or being â€Å"old† define and redefine the social construction of self. As individuals age, they are bombarded with contradictory social meanings, structures, and processes attached to age. Most of these constructions are erroneous accounts on the effect of aging on the physical and mental capabilities of the elders. People interpret events in

Managerial Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managerial Accounting - Essay Example Sales projections would be done in according to the consumers and population and whether it is liked by them or not. It will also look at competition and if mushroom brands have entered the market or not. A marketing manager will create surveys and shoot sales by promotion and sampling. This way, sales projections are likely to increase but may not necessarily increase actual sales due to some discrepancies in research. Underestimating sales projections may result in a mismatch for the profit goal. (Williams et al., 2005). A lot of the components of budgeting including sales projection accumulate to make up the master budget. When the master budget is understated, it might not meet the profit margin for the year. Therefore, other plans can halt as a result. If accurate figures are given and profits are likely to occur, expansion projects or other promotions could be thought of and money can be utilized. Any other resource such as labour needed to help in creating sales should be pre planned and a correct sales forecast would reduce any chances of shortages and mishaps. If sales are understated, operating, manufacturing, and other following costs will also be understated accordingly. Moreover, the goal should be to reduce all inefficiencies and add value throughout the value chain model.

Japanese Dining Etiquette Essay Example for Free

Japanese Dining Etiquette Essay Remembering your correct manners is very important in Japan, especially concerning the area of dining etiquettes. This applies especially to foreigners, who should try to remember at least the most basic rules†¦ In Japanese meals, it is customary to say ‘itadakimasu’ (‘I gratefully receive’) before your meal, and ‘gochisama deshita’ (‘thank you for the meal’) after you have finished. These traditional phrases are to show your appreciation for the meal, especially when someone cooks for you. The best way to start your meal is with a sip of soup. Then you should eat a little bit of each dish, in a ‘rotation’, until you finish all the dishes at about the same time. Do NOT complete one dish of food before moving onto the next. Remember that if you are eating from communal dishes, it is considered an important etiquette to pick up the food using the opposite end of your chopsticks, or serving chopsticks if any are provided. Do not start drinking until everyone at the table is served, and do not pour any drinks for yourself. This should only be done by others, and naturally, it is also your responsibility to periodically check your friends’ cups and fill them up if they are empty, too. NEVER stick chopsticks into rice standing up, as this is how rice is offered to the dead. If you haven’t already heard, it is perfectly acceptable to slurp your noodles in Japan, as people say it tastes better, and it also shows you are enjoying your meal. Remember that it is considered very rude to burp, blow your nose at the table, and talk about unappetizing topics. Lastly, remember to finish every little grain of rice in your bowl or plate, as rice is considered very precious. Also this shows the chef you appreciate his/her food very much. It is also considered polite to return all plates and dishes back to their original positions, and to place chopsticks back in their paper slips or holders. Bibliography http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2005.html http://www.suite101.com/content/eating-japanese-dos-and-donts-a31496 http://www.japanesefood101.com/index.php/category/dining-etiquette/.

Chinese Shih Poetry And Philosophy Essay -- essays research papers

Since the beginning of time, man has sought to explain the world around him. This is called philosophy, a Greek word which means "love of wisdom." However, over the millennia it has come to mean much more. The philosophies of the ancient Chinese people, whether they explain nature or present ways to live a just life, became so complex that simple prose could not suitably express their meaning. Yet paradoxically, the simpler, less exact form of poetry does put forth the ideas. Nowhere is this more exemplified than in the literature pertaining to the two major schools of ancient Chinese thought; Taoism and Confucianism. Poets such as Tu Fu and Po Chà ¼-i expressed the ideas of Taoism and Confucianism, respectively, while their fellow poet T’ao Ch’ien expressed both, through their poetry. Confucianism is based on the ideas of Confucius, the man who gave the school of thought its name. The main goal of Confucianists was to return a gentlemanly society to China. The core of Confucianism concerned social structure. Confucius taught that a man should respect and obey those of higher rank than himself, whether they be the father of a family, or the emperor of a nation. But even with absolute obedience, Confucianists believed that men should practice restraint and benevolence in those inferior to them. At the same time, those in high status were expected to lead virtuous lives, and to set examples for those that followed them. Confucianists believed that the moral code of man was set down by heaven, and if those in positions of authority did not set good examples, then they would deposed by the forces of heaven. One of the first great Chinese poets to write of Confucianism was T’ao Ch’ien. T’ao Ch’ien’s poem Substance, Shadow, and Spirit shows a comparison between Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, and the views on life and death of each. A clear example of Confucian beliefs can be taken from this poem. He states, "Let us strive and labor while yet we may / To do some deed that men will praise." This clearly demonstrates the fact that Confucianists do not believe in reincarnation. Also, in his Poem on Returning to Dwell in the Country, T’ao Ch’ien writes, "In the same world men lead different lives; / Some at the court, some in the marketplace." These lines illustrate that for every man there is a place in an ... ...orld around him, which was full of chaos and turmoil. In the final section of the poem Substance, Shadow, and Spirit he discusses the Taoist view, which is that one should not worry about death, but should "go where Fate leads – Drift on the Stream of Infinite Flux" and "make as little fuss as you can," when death finally comes. His Poem on Returning to Dwell in the County also shows Taoist ideas on simplicity, and following the way of nature. Passages such as "Long I have loved to stroll among the hills and marshes, / And take my pleasure roaming the woods and fields," demonstrate the Taoist love for nature. Poets such as Po Chà ¼-i presented the ideas of in a form that better impacted the common man, and carried their ideas crystal clear to the intellectuals. His fellow poets, T’ao Ch’ien and Tu Fu presented images of nature so intense, that the reader could gain a sense of calm from reading their poems. These poems have passed the test of time, and have not weathered the slightest. The followers of these schools were gifted enough to state their beliefs in poetry so vivid that they still enlighten lovers of wisdom today.

Film Theory Outline Essay

From the very beginning of film, theorists have tried to dissect or understand the nature of the new medium of art. As a result various theories of film have emerged, such as feminist, auteur, psychoanalytical, Marxist, Editing and Structuralist. This essay attempts to give an outline of these various theories. One of the first theories to emerge is Editing theory, coming from the context of early Russian cinema. A key event in this regard is the experiment carried out by the film-maker Lev Kuleshov in 1918, in which he demonstrated that what the viewer perceives depends on how images are juxtaposed with each other through inter-cutting. See more: essay apa format Thus, when a human close-up is juxtaposed with a bowl of soup, the perception is of hunger, but when juxtaposed with a shot of a coffin the same close-up is perceived to express grief. Kuleshov concluded that juxtaposition was crucial towards the effect, and thus advocated the use montage in film-making. Other film-makers like Sergei Eisenstein played close attention to these findings, and made use of them in his masterpieces of montage, such as Battleship Potemkin and October. He also spelled out a comprehensive film theory based on editing in a highly influential essay from the late twenties. In it he outlined he various categories of editing, such as metric, rhythmic, tonal, overtonal, and intellectual. For example, with intellectual montage a scene may be inter-cut with something immediately unrelated, but which nevertheless works as metaphor is a more profound sense. The above came to constitute soviet montage theory, which was in contrast to the Hollywood system of continuity editing. Montage is a very visible component of film, whereas continuity editing aims to make inter-cutting invisible, so that the viewer may concentrate on the flow of the narrative in an easy way. Since the fifties a parallel theory of editing has emerged in the West which embodies the Hollywood ethos. In the same essay Eisenstein proposed a Hegelian interpretation of film montage, and which came to form the basis of Marxist film theory. He suggested that montage worked by the principle of the Hegelian dialectic, where thesis is said to beget antithesis, and are resolved in the end through synthesis. For example, when human close up is inter-cut with a glass of water, the viewer interprets this as thirst. If the face is the subject, then its antithesis is the object of vision, i. e. the glass of water. ‘Thirst’ is merely the synthesis of the two. It is present in neither of the two shots in consideration, yet emerges form the inter-cutting of the two. Of course, it was through the Hegelian dialectic that Marx had derived his famous concept of the proletariat revolution, and Marxism was the avowed principle of the Bolshevists. Therefore, it is not surprising that Eisenstein’s theories found a favorable audience in the Soviet Union. Indeed, it was instrumental in forming of Socialist realism, which became the state sponsored ideology in art. Marxist film theory soon found itself as defined in opposition to capitalistic and bourgeoisie art, in which the narrative of the protagonist finds prominence. Eisenstein’s films attempt to obliterate the presence of the protagonist, concentrating instead on the clash of images towards creating a larger ideological narrative. Even then he was accused by the authorities for not championing the workers, and for indulging in the internal mechanics of film, which was deemed to be a kind of formalism. Marxist theory held that the purpose of art is to overcome all ‘forms’ towards dialectical purification. Formalism was felt to be a bourgeoisie component. Marxist theory, as it has flourished both in the East and the West, concerns itself with dissecting films in order discredit bourgeoisie forms, usually those emerging from the Hollywood system. A native western theory of film was late in developing, and a crucial starting point was the theories developed by Andre Bazin, as editor of the French film magazine Cahiers du cinema. Up to that point films were seen as merely commercial vehicles, and Hollywood had evolved into a mighty and well groomed machine that churned films for the pleasure of the masses. Analyzing these films Bazin came to the conclusion that it was the director who left the most characteristic stamp, and as illustration he held up the work of directors like Alfred Hitchcock and Howard Hawks. He advocated that directors infuse their personal vision into the films under their charge, in order that they become the complete authors, which is the ideal state. This came to be known as the Auteur theory of film, which was given a more formal presentation by Francois Truffaut. Directors were described as using the camera as a pen towards composing their films. Another significant idea of Bazin’s was that film should aim for â€Å"objective reality†. This was in opposition to prevalent theory based on montage, which said that object of film is to manipulate reality. This instrumental approach led to the formulation of Structuralist film theory, which examines the structure of the components of film as they come together meaningfully. Instead of the dialectical approach of Eisenstein, the analysis takes into account conventional devices that have come to acquire meaning. The components that come into play are camera angle, lighting, juxtaposition, shot duration, cultural context etc. Meaning is usually accounted for by convention, and conventions change according to social and economic circumstances. For example, the highly commercial nature of Hollywood films has created the Institutional Mode of Representation, in which cinematic devices are used that make film viewing easy and exciting. For this reason it incorporates the established ideology with little departure from the norm. Other interpretations overlook the mechanics of production and instead considered the viewer as the focus of study. Psychoanalytic film theory offers such an interpretation. It is largely influenced by the views of the French philosopher Jacques Lacan regarding the child’s ‘mirror stage of development’. According to this theory the developing child endeavors to see a reflection of itself in all the objects it encounters. Psychoanalytic film theory replicates this situation with the viewer of film. The viewer is always looking for self-identification in the process of watching a film, and in this sense uses the medium as a mirror. It is usually the male protagonist who provides the focus of this identification, and functions as a conduit by which the desires of the viewer are played out. The film is said to have constructed a ‘gaze’ for the benefit of the viewer. Sometimes the gaze is simply the viewpoint of the protagonist; at other times, in the more graphic sequences, the viewer is allowed to gaze directly. Psychoanalytic theory is careful to point out that such identification is merely illusion, and therefore it differs from the identification of the child growing up, whose identifications come to form tangible character. Feminist film theory takes psychoanalytical theory a step further, in that it interprets the gaze as scopophilia, or ‘the desire to observe in secret’, which is also known as voyeurism. Such desire is sexual in origin, and feminist theory is framed in the context of the man wanted to gaze at the woman. Such a theory provides a ready explanation of the objectification of woman in film, a phenomena that has been noticed from the very beginnings of the medium. As in psychoanalytical theory, the male protagonist provides the focus of identification, but his specific desire is to objectify the women in the film, a desire which is vicariously shared by the viewer. There are three levels of objectification. First there is the camera’s point of view, then that of the protagonist, and finally that of the viewer himself, who is allowed to gaze at the women directly. Critics of this theory point out that the female viewer is not taken into account, for women also go to see the same films, and they enjoy them too. However Laura Mulvey has given convincing arguments to explain female enjoyment. She says that it is either through a masochistic identification, or a transsexual one. In the first the female takes secret pleasure in male domination. In the second, the female identifies with the male protagonist, and thus shares in the pleasure that men take. However, she is also continuously slipping back into her female identity, which is said to be a mask that she wears. Identification with the male pushes her uncomfortably close to the image of the subjected women, and the masquerade allows her to maintain a distance from it. Feminist film theory is a harsh criticism of the norms of cinema, which is also blamed on the patriarchal norms of society. The advocacy is to make films that overcome the norms, and therefore to make films that are free from female objectification.

Digital Fortress Chapter 76-80

Chapter 76 Outside the Seville airport terminal, a taxi sat idle, the meter running. The passenger in the wire-rim glasses gazed through the plate-glass windows of the well-lit terminal. He knew he'd arrived in time. He could see a blond girl. She was helping David Becker to a chair. Becker was apparently in pain. He does not yet know pain, the passenger thought. The girl pulled a small object from her pocket and held it out. Becker held it up and studied it in the light. Then he slipped it on his finger. He pulled a stack of bills from his pocket and paid the girl. They talked a few minutes longer, and then the girl hugged him. She waved, shouldered her duffel, and headed off across the concourse. At last, the man in the taxi thought. At last. Chapter 77 Strathmore stepped out of his office onto the landing with his gun leveled. Susan trailed close behind, wondering if Hale was still in Node 3. The light from Strathmore's monitor behind them threw eerie shadows of their bodies out across the grated platform. Susan inched closer to the commander. As they moved away from the door, the light faded, and they were plunged into darkness. The only light on the Crypto floor came from the stars above and the faint haze from behind the shattered Node 3 window. Strathmore inched forward, looking for the place where the narrow staircase began. Switching the Berretta to his left hand, he groped for the banister with his right. He figured he was probably just as bad a shot with his left, and he needed his right for support. Falling down this particular set of stairs could cripple someone for life, and Strathmore's dreams for his retirement did not involve a wheelchair. Susan, blinded by the blackness of the Crypto dome, descended with a hand on Strathmore's shoulder. Even at the distance of two feet, she could not see the commander's outline. As she stepped onto each metal tread, she shuffled her toes forward looking for the edge. Susan began having second thoughts about risking a visit to Node 3 to get Hale's pass-key. The commander insisted Hale wouldn't have the guts to touch them, but Susan wasn't so sure. Hale was desperate. He had two options: Escape Crypto or go to jail. A voice kept telling Susan they should wait for David's call and use his pass-key, but she knew there was no guarantee he would even find it. She wondered what was taking David so long. Susan swallowed her apprehension and kept going. Strathmore descended silently. There was no need to alert Hale they were coming. As they neared the bottom, Strathmore slowed, feeling for the final step. When he found it, the heel of his loafer clicked on hard black tile. Susan felt his shoulder tense. They'd entered the danger zone. Hale could be anywhere. In the distance, now hidden behind TRANSLTR, was their destination-Node 3. Susan prayed Hale was still there, lying on the floor, whimpering in pain like the dog he was. Strathmore let go of the railing and switched the gun back to his right hand. Without a word, he moved out into the darkness. Susan held tight to his shoulder. If she lost him, the only way she'd find him again was to speak. Hale might hear them. As they moved away from the safety of the stairs, Susan recalled late-night games of tag as a kid-she'd left home base, she was in the open. She was vulnerable. TRANSLTR was the only island in the vast black sea. Every few steps Strathmore stopped, gun poised, and listened. The only sound was the faint hum from below. Susan wanted to pull him back, back to safety, back to home base. There seemed to be faces in the dark all around her. Halfway to TRANSLTR, the silence of Crypto was broken. Somewhere in the darkness, seemingly right on top of them, a high-pitched beeping pierced the night. Strathmore spun, and Susan lost him. Fearful, Susan shot her arm out, groping for him. But the commander was gone. The space where his shoulder had been was now just empty air. She staggered forward into the emptiness. The beeping noise continued. It was nearby. Susan wheeled in the darkness. There was a rustle of clothing, and suddenly the beeping stopped. Susan froze. An instant later, as if from one of her worst childhood nightmares, a vision appeared. A face materialized directly in front of her. It was ghostly and green. It was the face of a demon, sharp shadows jutting upward across deformed features. She jumped back. She turned to run, but it grabbed her arm. â€Å"Don't move!† it commanded. For an instant, she thought she saw Hale in those two burning eyes. But the voice was not Hale's. And the touch was too soft. It was Strathmore. He was lit from beneath by a glowing object that he'd just pulled from his pocket. Her body sagged with relief. She felt herself start breathing again. The object in Strathmore's hand had some sort of electronic LED that was giving off a greenish glow. â€Å"Damn,† Strathmore cursed under his breath. â€Å"My new pager.† He stared in disgust at the SkyPager in his palm. He'd forgotten to engage the silent-ring feature. Ironically, he'd gone to a local electronics store to buy the device. He'd paid cash to keep it anonymous; nobody knew better than Strathmore how closely the NSA watched their own-and the digital messages sent and received from this pager were something Strathmore definitely needed to keep private. Susan looked around uneasily. If Hale hadn't known they were coming, he knew now. Strathmore pressed a few buttons and read the incoming message. He groaned quietly. It was more bad news from Spain-not from David Becker, but from the other party Strathmore had sent to Seville. Three thousand miles away, a mobile surveillance van sped along the darkened Seville streets. It had been commissioned by the NSA under â€Å"Umbra† secrecy from a military base in Rota. The two men inside were tense. It was not the first time they'd received emergency orders from Fort Meade, but the orders didn't usually come from so high up. The agent at the wheel called over his shoulder. â€Å"Any sign of our man?† The eyes of his partner never left the feed from the wide-angle video monitor on the roof. â€Å"No. Keep driving.† Chapter 78 Underneath the twisting mass of cables, Jabba was sweating. He was still on his back with a penlight clenched in his teeth. He'd gotten used to working late on weekends; the less hectic NSA hours were often the only times he could perform hardware maintenance. As he maneuvered the red-hot soldering iron through the maze of wires above him, he moved with exceptional care; singeing any of the dangling sheathes would be disaster. Just another few inches, he thought. The job was taking far longer than he'd imagined. Just as he brought the tip of the iron against the final thread of raw solder, his cellular phone rang sharply. Jabba startled, his arm twitched, and a large glob of sizzling, liquefied lead fell on his arm. â€Å"Shit!† He dropped the iron and practically swallowed his penlight. â€Å"Shit! Shit! Shit!† He scrubbed furiously at the drop of cooling solder. It rolled off, leaving an impressive welt. The chip he was trying to solder in place fell out and hit him in the head. â€Å"Goddamn it!† Jabba's phone summoned him again. He ignored it. â€Å"Midge,† he cursed under his breath. Damn you! Crypto's fine! The phone rang on. Jabba went back to work reseating the new chip. A minute later the chip was in place, but his phone was still ringing. For Christ's sake, Midge! Give it up! The phone rang another fifteen seconds and finally stopped. Jabba breathed a sigh of relief. Sixty seconds later the intercom overhead crackled. â€Å"Would the chief Sys-Sec please contact the main switchboard for a message.† Jabba rolled his eyes in disbelief. She just doesn't give up, does she? He ignored the page. Chapter 79 Strathmore replaced his Skypager in his pocket and peered through the darkness toward Node 3. He reached for Susan's hand. â€Å"Come on.† But their fingers never touched. There was a long guttural cry from out of the darkness. A thundering figure loomed-a Mack truck bearing down with no headlights. An instant later, there was a collision and Strathmore was skidding across the floor. It was Hale. The pager had given them away. Susan heard the Berretta fall. For a moment she was planted in place, unsure where to run, what to do. Her instincts told her to escape, but she didn't have the elevator code. Her heart told her to help Strathmore, but how? As she spun in desperation, she expected to hear the sounds of a life-and-death struggle on the floor, but there was nothing. Everything was suddenly silent-as if Hale had hit the commander and then disappeared back into the night. Susan waited, straining her eyes into the darkness, hoping Strathmore wasn't hurt. After what seemed like an eternity, she whispered, â€Å"Commander?† Even as she said it, she realized her mistake. An instant later Hale's odor welled up behind her. She turned too late. Without warning, she was twisting, gasping for air. She found herself crushed in a familiar headlock, her face against Hale's chest. â€Å"My balls are killing me.† Hale panted in her ear. Susan's knees buckled. The stars in the dome began to spin above her. Chapter 80 Hale clamped down on Susan's neck and yelled into the darkness. â€Å"Commander, I've got your sweetheart. I want out!† His demands were met with silence. Hale's grip tightened. â€Å"I'll break her neck!† A gun cocked directly behind them. Strathmore's voice was calm and even. â€Å"Let her go.† Susan winced in pain. â€Å"Commander!† Hale spun Susan's body toward the sound. â€Å"You shoot and you'll hit your precious Susan. You ready to take that chance?† Strathmore's voice moved closer. â€Å"Let her go.† â€Å"No way. You'll kill me.† â€Å"I'm not going to kill anyone.† â€Å"Oh, yeah? Tell that to Chartrukian!† Strathmore moved closer. â€Å"Chartrukian's dead.† â€Å"No shit. You killed him. I saw it!† â€Å"Give it up, Greg,† Strathmore said calmly. Hale clutched at Susan and whispered in her ear, â€Å"Strathmore pushed Chartrukian-I swear it!† â€Å"She's not going to fall for your divide-and-conquer technique,† Strathmore said, moving closer. â€Å"Let her go.† Hale hissed into the darkness, â€Å"Chartrukian was just a kid, for Christ's sake! Why'd you do it? To protect your little secret?† Strathmore stayed cool. â€Å"And what little secret is that?† â€Å"You know damn-fucking-well what secret that is! Digital Fortress!† â€Å"My, my,† Strathmore muttered condescendingly, his voice like an iceberg. â€Å"So you do know about Digital Fortress. I was starting to think you'd deny that too.† â€Å"Fuck you.† â€Å"A witty defense.† â€Å"You're a fool,† Hale spat. â€Å"For your information, TRANSLTR is overheating.† â€Å"Really?† Strathmore chuckled. â€Å"Let me guess-I should open the doors and call in the Sys-Secs?† â€Å"Exactly,† Hale fired back. â€Å"You'd be an idiot not to.† This time Strathmore laughed out loud. â€Å"That's your big play? TRANSLTR's overheating, so open the doors and let us out?† â€Å"It's true, dammit! I've been down to the sublevels! The aux power isn't pulling enough freon!† â€Å"Thanks for the tip,† Strathmore said. â€Å"But TRANSLTR's got automatic shutdown; if it's overheating, Digital Fortress will quit all by itself.† Hale sneered. â€Å"You're insane. What the fuck do I care if TRANSLTR blows? The damn machine should be outlawed anyway.† Strathmore sighed. â€Å"Child psychology only works on children, Greg. Let her go.† â€Å"So you can shoot me?† â€Å"I won't shoot you. I just want the pass-key.† â€Å"What pass-key?† Strathmore sighed again. â€Å"The one Tankado sent you.† â€Å"I have no idea what you're talking about.† â€Å"Liar!† Susan managed. â€Å"I saw Tankado's mail in your account!† Hale went rigid. He spun Susan around. â€Å"You went in my account?† â€Å"And you aborted my tracer,† she snapped. Hale felt his blood pressure skyrocket. He thought he'd covered his tracks; he had no idea Susan knew what he'd done. It was no wonder she wasn't buying a word he said. Hale felt the walls start to close in. He knew he could never talk his way out of that one-not in time. He whispered to her in desperation, â€Å"Susan†¦ Strathmore killed Chartrukian!† â€Å"Let her go,† the commander said evenly. â€Å"She doesn't believe you.† â€Å"Why should she?† Hale fired back. â€Å"You lying bastard! You've got her brainwashed! You only tell her what suits your needs! Does she know what you really plan to do with Digital Fortress?† â€Å"And what's that?† Strathmore taunted. Hale knew what he was about to say would either be his ticket to freedom or his death warrant. He took a deep breath and went for broke. â€Å"You plan to write a back door in Digital Fortress.† The words met with a bewildered silence from the darkness. Hale knew he had hit a bull's-eye. Apparently Strathmore's unflappable cool was being put to the test. â€Å"Who told you that?† he demanded, his voice rough around the edges. â€Å"I read it,† Hale said smugly, trying to capitalize on the change of momentum. â€Å"In one of your brainstorms.† â€Å"Impossible. I never print my brainstorms.† â€Å"I know. I read it directly off your account.† Strathmore seemed doubtful. â€Å"You got into my office?† â€Å"No. I snooped you from Node 3.† Hale forced a self-assured chuckle. He knew he'd need all the negotiating skills he'd learned in the marines to get out of Crypto alive. Strathmore edged closer, the Berretta leveled in the darkness. â€Å"How do you know about my back door?† â€Å"I told you, I snooped your account.† â€Å"Impossible.† Hale forced a cocky sneer. â€Å"One of the problems of hiring the best, Commander-sometimes they're better than you.† â€Å"Young man,† Strathmore seethed, â€Å"I don't know where you get your information, but you're in way over your head. You will let Ms. Fletcher go right now or I'll call in Security and have you thrown in jail for life.† â€Å"You won't do it,† Hale stated matter-of-factly. â€Å"Calling Security ruins your plans. I'll tell them everything.† Hale paused. â€Å"But let me out clean, and I'll never say a word about Digital Fortress.† â€Å"No deal,† Strathmore fired back. â€Å"I want the pass-key.† â€Å"I don't have any fucking pass-key!† â€Å"Enough lies!† Strathmore bellowed. â€Å"Where is it?† Hale clamped down on Susan's neck. â€Å"Let me out, or she dies!† Trevor Strathmore had done enough high-stakes bargaining in his life to know that Hale was in a very dangerous state of mind. The young cryptographer had painted himself into a corner, and a cornered opponent was always the most dangerous kind-desperate and unpredictable. Strathmore knew his next move was a critical one. Susan's life depended on it-and so did the future of Digital Fortress. Strathmore knew the first thing he had to do was release the tension of the situation. After a long moment, he sighed reluctantly. â€Å"Okay, Greg. You win. What do you want me to do?† Silence. Hale seemed momentarily unsure how to handle the commander's cooperative tone. He let up a bit on Susan's neck. â€Å"W-well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he stammered, his voice wavering suddenly. â€Å"First thing you do is give me your gun. You're both coming with me.† â€Å"Hostages?† Strathmore laughed coldly. â€Å"Greg, you'll have to do better than that. There are about a dozen armed guards between here and the parking lot.† â€Å"I'm not a fool,† Hale snapped. â€Å"I'm taking your elevator. Susan comes with me! You stay!† â€Å"I hate to tell you this,† Strathmore replied, â€Å"but there's no power to the elevator.† â€Å"Bullshit!† Hale snapped. â€Å"The lift runs on power from the main building! I've seen the schematics!† â€Å"We tried it already,† Susan choked, trying to help. â€Å"It's dead.† â€Å"You're both so full of shit, it's incredible.† Hale tightened his grip. â€Å"If the elevator's dead, I'll abort TRANSLTR and restore power.† â€Å"The elevator takes a password,† Susan managed feistily. â€Å"Big deal.† Hale laughed. â€Å"I'm sure the commander will share. Won't you, Commander?† â€Å"No chance,† Strathmore hissed. Hale boiled over. â€Å"Now you listen to me, old man-here's the deal! You let Susan and me out through your elevator, we drive a few hours, and then I let her go.† Strathmore felt the stakes rising. He'd gotten Susan into this, and he needed to get her out. His voice stayed steady as a rock. â€Å"What about my plans for Digital Fortress?† Hale laughed. â€Å"You can write your back door-I won't say a word.† Then his voice turned ominous. â€Å"But the day I think you're tracking me, I go to the press with the whole story. I tell them Digital Fortress is tainted, and I sink this whole fucking organization!† Strathmore considered Hale's offer. It was clean and simple. Susan lived, and Digital Fortress got its back door. As long as Strathmore didn't chase Hale, the back door stayed a secret. Strathmore knew Hale couldn't keep his mouth shut for long. But still†¦ the knowledge of Digital Fortress was Hale's only insurance-maybe he'd be smart. Whatever happened, Strathmore knew Hale could be removed later if necessary. â€Å"Make up your mind, old man!† Hale taunted. â€Å"Are we leaving or not?† Hale's arms tightened around Susan like a vice. Strathmore knew that if he picked up the phone right now and called Security, Susan would live. He'd bet his life on it. He could see the scenario clearly. The call would take Hale completely by surprise. He would panic, and in the end, faced with a small army, Hale would be unable to act. After a brief standoff, he would give in. But if I call Security, Strathmore thought, my plan is ruined. Hale clamped down again. Susan cried out in pain. â€Å"What's it gonna be?† Hale yelled. â€Å"Do I kill her?† Strathmore considered his options. If he let Hale take Susan out of Crypto, there were no guarantees. Hale might drive for a while, park in the woods. He'd have a gun†¦. Strathmore's stomach turned. There was no telling what would happen before Hale set Susan free†¦ if he set her free. I've got to call Security, Strathmore decided. What else can I do? He pictured Hale in court, spilling his guts about Digital Fortress. My plan will be ruined. There must be some other way. â€Å"Decide!† Hale yelled, dragging Susan toward the staircase. Strathmore wasn't listening. If saving Susan meant his plans were ruined, then so be it-nothing was worth losing her. Susan Fletcher was a price Trevor Strathmore refused to pay. Hale had Susan's arm twisted behind her back and her neck bent to one side. â€Å"This is your last chance, old man! Give me the gun!† Strathmore's mind continued to race, searching for another option. There are always other options! Finally he spoke-quietly, almost sadly. â€Å"No, Greg, I'm sorry. I just can't let you go.† Hale choked in apparent shock. â€Å"What!† â€Å"I'm calling Security.† Susan gasped. â€Å"Commander! No!† Hale tightened his grip. â€Å"You call Security, and she dies!† Strathmore pulled the cellular off his belt and flicked it on. â€Å"Greg, you're bluffing.† â€Å"You'll never do it!† Hale yelled. â€Å"I'll talk! I'll ruin your plan! You're only hours away from your dream! Controlling all the data in the world! No more TRANSLTR. No more limits-just free information. It's a chance of a lifetime! You won't let it slip by!† Strathmore voice was like steel. â€Å"Watch me.† â€Å"But-but what about Susan?† Hale stammered. â€Å"You make that call, and she dies!† Strathmore held firm. â€Å"That's a chance I'm ready to take.† â€Å"Bullshit! You've got a bigger hard-on for her than you do for Digital Fortress! I know you! You won't risk it!† Susan began to make an angry rebuttal, but Strathmore beat her to it. â€Å"Young man! You don't know me! I take risks for a living. If you're looking to play hardball, let's play!† He started punching keys on his phone. â€Å"You misjudged me, son! Nobody threatens the lives of my employees and walks out!† He raised the phone and barked into the receiver, â€Å"Switchboard! Get me Security!† Hale began to torque Susan's neck. â€Å"I-I'll kill her. I swear it!† â€Å"You'll do no such thing!† Strathmore proclaimed. â€Å"Killing Susan will just make things wor-† He broke off and rammed the phone against his mouth. â€Å"Security! This is Commander Trevor Strathmore. We've got a hostage situation in Crypto! Get some men in here! Yes, now, goddamn it! We also have a generator failure. I want power routed from all available external sources. I want all systems on-line in five minutes! Greg Hale killed one of my junior Sys-Secs. He's holding my senior cryptographer hostage. You're cleared to use tear gas on all of us if necessary! If Mr. Hale doesn't cooperate, have snipers shoot him dead. I'll take full responsibility. Do it now!† Hale stood motionless-apparently limp in disbelief. His grip on Susan eased. Strathmore snapped his phone shut and shoved it back onto his belt. â€Å"Your move, Greg.†

Conformity in To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

Conformity in To Kill a Mockingbird Essays Conformity in To Kill a Mockingbird Paper Conformity in To Kill a Mockingbird Paper Essay Topic: To Kill a Mockingbird If everyone was the same, the world would never change. This statement is supported in Harper Lee’s novel â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird. In the novel, conformity is a mandatory social convention. When one doesn’t follow rules and regulations, others may see them as an outcast.In the novel Lee also explores the idea of how someones home life strongly affects them.Lee does this while demonstrating what it was like to live during the great depression, a time where racism was predominant.The protagonist of the story Scout Finch and her brother Jem are exposed to this racism and ignorance which is shown in the traditional behavior of the townspeople.But in the end, differences allow for positive growth and change within the community. By not conforming to gender roles it provides positive change and growth within the community.In the novel the main character Scout Finch is growing up along side her brother.She tends to be more of a tomboy who enjoys the same activities as her brother, Jem. During this time period girls were to wear dresses, â€Å"‘What are you doing in those overalls? You should be in a dress and camisole young lady!’† (Lee 135). Scout resists the norm and wears overalls for comfort. She is able to play and run better in pants rather than a dress that everyone wants her to wear. Scout does not care for being a lady, she does not want to be restricted to specific activities that she has no interest in because of her gender. She would much rather play alongside her brother. Later in the novel, her Aunt Alexandra moves in to help with the kids. â€Å"‘ We decided it would be best for you to have some feminine influences it won’t be many years Jean Louise before you become interested in boys and clothes’†(Lee 170).However Scout sees their housekeeper, Calpurnia, as the only female role model she needs in her life.Calpurnia has always let Scout express herself, and wear whatever she pleases.Scout parti

Marketing Audit of ARAMEX company Research Paper

Marketing Audit of ARAMEX company - Research Paper Example This business model is in stark contrast to other companies which invest heavily in procuring assets such as aircraft and fleets of vehicles. This strategy of differentiation has significantly contributed to the success of the company in its business since it has a strong customer base. Though there are positive signs of growth of the company, it has been noted that it should take certain measures into consideration in order to improve its business. Therefore, it has been recommended that the company should ensure that it adequately trains the managers so that they can cope with the new demands of managing new business acquisitions. . It has also been recommended that the company should invest in infrastructural development such as building warehouses given that this segment of business is the most profitable compared to other segments.This paper is designed to carry out a marketing audit for Aramex Company which operates in the transport and logistics sector. The paper is divided in to various sections and it starts by outlining the historical background of the company. The main part of the paper will analyse the environmental factors that impact on the operations of the company in this sector of the industry which is characterised by stiff competition. The paper will also outline and discuss the strategies used by the company in order to gain a competitive advantage in its operations. ... The main part of the paper will analyse the environmental factors that impact on the operations of the company in this sector of the industry which is characterised by stiff competition. The paper will also outline and discuss the strategies used by the company in order to gain a competitive advantage in its operations. The last part of the paper will outline suggested recommendations that should be implemented by the company in order for it to sustain its operations in a competitive manner. 1.1 Background information about Aramex â€Å"Aramex is a leading global provider of comprehensive logistics and transportation solutions and it was established in 1982 as an express operator. The company also rapidly evolved into a global brand recognized for its customized services and innovative multi-product offering,† (Aramex, 2012). It currently employs more than 12,300 people in over 353 locations across 60 countries, and has a strong presence across the whole globe. According to Aw an (2008), Aramex specialises in six different categories of business outlined below. International express delivery This service is meant for retail and wholesale delivery and this segment includes companies, banks as well as other retail stores. The packages delivered range up to 50 Kg and the customers can track their consignment through the company’s website. Freight Forwarding These services include air, land and sea transport and the route mainly involves all major cities. . Logistics These services include warehousing, inventory management as well as supply chain management and they are offered in the Middle East and North Africa regions Awan (2008). These services can still be tracked using the company website. Domestic

Understanding How God Calls Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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North American civilizations - Assignment Example Mississippi culture was actually a mound-building culture of Native Americans and it originated and flourished in the areas presently known as mid-western, eastern and southeastern United States around 800 CE to 1500 CE. The life at Mississippi began to flourish in the river valleys of Mississippi and Tennessee. Mississippian started rich food exchange thereby introducing the barter system which started impacting a lot in their society through networking and it is through the process of food exchange that they introduced in their culture, they flourished and made contacts with other cultures and provinces too. Maize-based agriculture was also an important attribute of the period and it supported a large population and craft specialization. The earthwork of the Mississippian culture was significant consisting of pyramid mounds or platform mounds and were generally square, rectangular and sometimes circular in shape. Domestic houses, temples or burial buildings were constructed on those mounds. Trade was widespread during this period and extended to far west to the Rockies, in north till the Great Lakes and to the Gulf of Mexico in the South and to the Atlantic Ocean in the East. The leadership of the Mississippian culture was great and influential. Within the culture, the leadership was hierarchy based and where one major centre with Mounds gives clear indication of control and influence over other lesser communities, it also clearly portrays a clear centralization of controlled combination of political or religious power in the hands of single Supreme or few others (US National Park Service, â€Å"The Mississippian and Late Prehistoric

Business Analysis Of Next Plc Economics Essay

Business Analysis Of Next Plc Economics Essay We plan to supply an complete lofty stage of repair to all our consumers to greeting them to Next, whether they are shopping in our elevated road, shopping centre or trade commons provisions, the Next Index, or online from side to side our website. Though our clientele prefer to supermarket with us, it should be secure, hospitable and simply reachable for all. We aspire to take action to consumers exacting desires from end to end the box up of actions we have in position, which we suppose chains all our consumers as well as individuals with further wants. P1Values and Objective: The ultimately objective of Next Plc is the delivery of sustainable long term growth in earnings per share. In the current economic environment, it will be very challenging to reverse this years deadline in EPS in the short term and for the year ahead EPS is again expected to reduce. Nevertheless, the board remains convinced that the groups long term objective is best achieved by continuation of the following strategies in its operating business. Improving and developing Next product ranges, success in which is reflected in total sales and like for kike sales performance. Ventura, which provides consumer services organization to regulars wishing to contract out their consumer phone organization and completion activates. Lipsy, which designs and sells its possess recognized younger womens manner goods from first to last extensive, trade and internet channels. Shareholders Influence: Bat always try to keep the commitment that they made with their investors. Under this, share holder can raise any question regarding the operation procedure of Next Plc. And the shareholders can even choose their Board of Director. P2: Shareholders Influence: Bat always try to keep the commitment that they made with their investors. Under this, share holder can raise any question regarding the operation procedure of Bat Plc. And the shareholders can even choose their Board of Director. P3: Responsibility of an organization and strategy Used for Next, company liability resources addressing type commerce connected societal, moral and ecological impacts and ensuring we jog our trade in a accountable way. We observe company accountability as a type constituent of how we behavior our commerce as we consider it makes good quality commerce brains. The areas we have recognized as having everyday jobs are: Our Suppliers we will jobs for helpful societal, moral and ecological improvements in our provide sequence Our Consumers we will job to make sure we gather or go above our consumers prospect from side to side the release of brilliant foods and service Our People we will job to offer a situation where our recruits are supported and appreciated, treated rather and in use worry of, listened to and are provoked to realize their full probable Community we will work to deliver value through our community contributions and support for charities and other organizations Environment we will work to keenly decrease the impacts of our on the business natural environment P4 Economic System The fundamental economic problem in any society is to provide a set of rules for allocating resources and/or consumption among individuals who cant satisfy their wants, given limited resources. The rules that each economic system provides function within a framework of formal institutions (e.g., laws) and informal institutions (e.g., customs). What and how much will be produced? Literally, billions of different outputs could be produced with societys scarce resources. Some mechanism must exist that differentiates between products to be produced and others that remain as either unexploited inventions or as individuals unfulfilled desires. How will it be produced? There are many ways to produce a desired item. It may be possible to use more labor and less capital, or vice versa. For whom will it be produced? Once a commodity is produced, some mechanism must exist that distributes finished products to the ultimate consumers of the product. The mechanism of distribution for these commodities differs by economic system. P5 Impact of Social welfare and Industrial policy In anticipation of ten years ago the term Welfare Work was a expression without meaning in the manufacturing world. In the present day it stands for a specific strategy on the part of employers which may bring about the explanation of many of the irritated problems of labor and resources. The leaven of this rule has already begun to job. A branch of wellbeing work from beginning to end which the business has had a great pressure on the people and the environment of the zone is that of countryside farming. At the time when wellbeing work was on track the environment of the industrial unit were like persons of most manufacturing plant life something but beautiful. Subsequent to the company has made its own goods attractive with lawns, undergrowth and vines, it trained the people of the locality, by lectures and demonstrations, the main beliefs of countryside farming. Consequently of this operation of education the industrial unit locality has been change from a region of stumble -down houses, powder plenty and tin cans to a locality of attractive homes and well set aside yards. P6 The impact of Macro-economic (Monetary and Fisca) l Strategy on the economy There are some differences in the economic effects of financial and economic rule, on the masterpiece of productivity, the helpfulness of the two kinds of rule in assembly the governments macroeconomic objectives, and also the time lags concerned for financial and fiscal rule changes to take effect. We will believe each of these in roll: Effects of Strategy on the Composition of National Output Economic strategy is often seen as incredible of a blunt rule implement upsetting all sectors of the economy even though in unusual ways and with a changeable contact. On the contrary, economic rule can be under attack to involve convinced groups (e.g. increases in resources -tested profit for low earnings households, reductions in the rate of company tax for small- middling sized enterprises, speculation allowances for businesses in sure regions) think as an example the effects of using either fiscal or economic strategy to reach a given raise in national earnings because actual GDP lies below probable GDP (i.e. there is a unnecessary output gap) (i) Pecuniary strategy expansion: Minor awareness rates will lead to an increase in customer and business capital expenses both of which increases national income. Since investment spending results in a larger capital stock, then incomes in the future will also be higher all the way through the impact on LRAS. (ii) Monetary policy extension: An extension in monetary rule adds unswervingly to AD but if financed by advanced government borrowing, this may consequence in advanced interest rates and lower investment. The net result is the same increase in current income. On the other hand, since investment expenses is minor, the investment stock is lower than it would have been, so that future incomes are inferior. In UK lots of multinational organization are operating, Many people from different part of the world also visited in UK for different purposes, if the global economy fall the business of UK based company also fall down. As a result they faces difficulties to earn profit and ultimately the shareholders suffer. P7 Perfect Competition: A market is said to be perfectly competitive when firms perceive that they individually have no noticeable influence on market price. The outcome in such an industry is efficient in the sense that the cost of the last unit of output (marginal cost) would just equal what consumers would be willing to pay for that unit. Perfect competition is a regarded as a benchmark market structure for evaluating other market structures. Market Structure and Competition: The market structures tells us about the environment within which an enterprise functions and the nature of external pressure on the enterprise. The elements of market structure that we look at are concentration ratio, stability of market shares, conditions of entry and exit of firms. FDI Policy Stability of Markets Shares A limitation of the above summary measures of concentration is that they ignore the dynamic changes in the market shares of individual firms. Market shares of dominant firms may increase or decline over time. Greater churning of market shares in given market suggests greater intensity of competition. P8 Market forces and organizational Response: Organizations always response positively toward market forces. The traditional way of management in NEXT had seemed to work successfully, but in todays rapidly changing environment, its ignorance of changes invited risks. The disadvantages of its highly centralized hierarchy and autocratic management style emerged and hindered effective decision making and thus affected its management; while its competitors reacted quickly to the changes and improved their performance to become competitive. The centralized structure didnt allow the store managers and employees to participate in the decision-making process. There was only one-way flow of communication. Employees opinions on a strategy or plan and customers feedback were barely received to the top management. Although Greenbury visited stores frequently to supervise the operations, he could only get false message due to the fear of him among the staff.   This unhealthy phenomenon stimulated the growth of a vicious circle: a poor decision was made based on the poor perception of the internal and external environment; false feedback or no feedback convinced the decision maker, in this case Greenbury, believe that the decision was sound and right and then another decision was made based on such assumptions. P9 Company Summary This segment presents the key details statistics, business explanation, and products services unfilled by the corporation. Key Competitors: This section first selects the competitors based on assets, sales, focus of business, or geographic achieve. Then all the competitors are profiled. Key Industry Strategies of Each Competitor: It talks about the present and future strategies of each business. All industry, marketing, monetary and governmental strategies are discussed here. Relative SWOT Psychiatry: Our comparative SWOT analysis is a valuable step in assessing your companys and you competitors strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. It offers powerful insight into the critical issues affecting a business. Comparative Financial Analysis: This section compares the recent financials of the company and its competitors. The financial performance of each segment of all the companies is also discussed here. The objective is to appraise the financial health of the company vis-à  -vis its competitors. The stock price comparison helps us in evaluating the performance of the company position versus its competitors from an investors standpoint. There is an imperative role for tobacco control advocates in the policy development process in authoritarian agencies. P10: International trade, economic integration and global market The selling and advertising of goods and services crossways national boundaries is known as worldwide trade. International trade is the spinal column of our modern, commercial world, as producers in various nations try to profit from an extended market, rather than be limited to selling within their own boundaries. There are many reasons that trade across national borders occurs, including lower construction costs in one region versus another, dedicated industries, lack or surplus of natural capital and purchaser tastes. One of the most contentious mechanism of global trade in the present day is the lower construction costs of on the rise nations. Both the United States and the European Union have forced severe limitations on imports from Asian nations to try to stem this tide. Obviously, a business that can pay its staff the equivalent of dollars a day, as compared to dollars an hour, has a discrete selling benefit. P11: Impact of two policies on European Union Discussion with UK SME commissioner bodies on familial and European matters consistently shows that the main issue for their members is regulation. The 2007 EU Observatory Survey found that 36% of SMEs within Europe reported that regulations acted as a restraint or had presented difficulties in the before two years. At the same time as progress has been at the EU level, for example on the encouragement of the Think Small First standard and the European Commissions promise to reduce organizational burdens by 25%, we think a much more ambitious set of measures should be introduced An additional important issue is access to finance, where we believe action should be focused on improving the demand side, in meticulous investment readiness, and the supply of modest amounts of finance for entrepreneurs who, for various reasons, are deemed to be a higher risk. In order to grow, SME must also have access to new markets. Generally, exporting firms have been found to benefit from greater efficiency growth than non-exporters. P12: Economic implications for the UK of entry into EMU The UK has to make a decision on membership of EMU in the next two years. The economic and fiscal regimes in the Euro Area and in the UK do not differ greatly. However, we argue that relationship of EMU will increase the steadiness of the economy and the credibility of the policy framework, and hence will enhance the prediction for growth and higher incomes and service. 3. Pricing Strategy: Develop Marketing strategy: do marketing analysis, segmentation, targeting, and positioning. Make marketing mix decision: define the product, distribution, and promotional tactics. Estimate the demand curve: understand how quality demanded varies with price. Calculate cost: include fixed and variable costs associated with the product. Understand environmental factors: evaluate likely competitor actions, understand legal constrains, etc. Set pricing objectives: For example, profit maximization, revenue maximization, or price stabilization. Determine pricing: using information collected in the above steps, steps, select a pricing method, develop the pricing structure, and define discounts. 4. a. a) Total Revenue: 1000000. b) Marginal Revenue: 1200000. c) Total Cost: 1000000. d) Marginal Cost: 800000. b. In order to cover the variable cost the company should produce in BEP that is the company should produce 7 units. c) If the sales price is reduce to 45000 and Marginal cost is 17500 then the profit will be reduce to 100000. d) This is a perfect competitive market. Conclusion: In the last few years, NEXT has experienced the serious declination from a successful market leader to a company struggling against acquisition. The flaws of its traditional formula for success laid some potential problems for the company developement yet it was some key strategic decisions that resulted in the failures. Decision making is a central part in management. Decision making process can be affected by both internal and external constraints such as inadequate or incorrect information about the problem, failure to identify the problem, resistance of employees to change,   poor quality management, lack of resources both financial and physical,   poor communication systems, lack of team work, the organizational; the time available to react, speed of competitor reaction, macro economic forces, changes in consumer preferences, changes in technology, availability and cost of information. Strategic decisions, as long term decisions, require a highly detailed analysis because of their high cost, significance to for a companys long-term development as well as an absence of information and uncertainty. Decisions like market expansion and purchase of Littlewoods stores were strategic decisions. The task of the top management is to concentrate on the strategic decisions. In cases where too much attention from top management is put on the daily operations and routine decisions, problems may occur. Too much emphasis is put on the short-term decisions, so less time and efforts are assigned to the long-term decision making. At the same time, top managements interference in low-level decision making will cause a lack of motivation among employees.